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Augustus'un Roma'daki anıt mezarının bir okuması
This thesis focuses on the Mausoleum of the first Roman Emperor Augustus in Rome. It studies the Mausoleum as a Roman monument highly laden with symbolic meanings and functions. Built at the age of transition from Republic to Empire, the symbolic meanings and functions of the Mausoleum evolved and expanded within time. The thesis exposes and highlights the formation, evolution and expansion of the symbolic meanings and functions of the Mausoleum in parallel to the transformation of the Roman Republic to the Empire during the Augustan period. Keywords: Augustus, Mausoleum, Augustan Rome, Funerary Architecture, Monument
Sakarya hükümet konağı ve 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında şehir merkezinin dönüşümü
This study focuses on Sakarya Government House, which was built as a result of a national competition organized by the Ministry of Public Works in 1955. Sakarya Government House constitutes a significant example both in terms of reflecting the conditions and architectural approaches of the period, as well as its strong relationship with and contributions to the development of the city of Adapazarı. Examining the design of the building by architects Enis Kortan, Harutyun Vapurciyan, Nişan Yaubyan and Avyerinos Andonyadis as well as its life span from its opening in 1960 until it was demolished in 2003 after the 1999 Adapazarı Earthquake, the study attempts to discuss its role in the transformation of the city center during the second half of the twentieth century. As such, the Sakarya Government House complex will be discussed in two main contexts, firstly on the building scale by referring to its architectural features and secondly on the wider city scale by focusing on the interaction of the complex with the city, mainly the center of Adapazarı that went through a considerable transformation by means of this building complex.
Oluşumlar, dönüşümler, bozunumlar" Moskova nonkoformist sanatçıları ve işleri peşinde komün oda ve mimarisinin izini sürmek 1975-1991
This thesis traces the evolution of communal room from a collective to private space through practices of an underground art circle that emerged during the second half of the 1970s in Soviet Moscow, namely Soviet Nonconformist artists. The Soviet project of the communal apartment was a revolutionary experiment of collective living. Initiated with the ideal of designing "socialism in one building," it turned into an institution of social control, the base for establishing status-quo and a micro-cosmos where Soviet communal bodies were shaped between the 1920s and late 1950s. Following the transformation of communal apartments into private rooms during Khrushchev's Thaw in the late 1950s, these new private rooms were transformed into zones of freedom by newly flourishing underground culture in major cities of the Soviet Union. Starting from the 1960s, especially Moscow and Leningrad, witnessed private rooms to be appropriated as spaces for the underground activities of various intellectual fields. This thesis aims to decode the dynamics, aesthetics, and architecture of post-thaw Soviet communal rooms in between privacy-collectivity, and officiality-unofficiality by tracing "Moscow Nonconformists" through three generations that were formed, reformed, and deformed between the years 1975-1991. In two parallel analysis, on networks and artworks of Nonconformist artists, it is aimed to trace the architectural history of the communal room both in Moscow and through artists exhibitions in the West as the context, the muse and the object of their artistic genre, while documenting the room's intertwined journey with artists' biographies and networks.
Görüntü ve hareketli görüntü arasında: 19. yy ve erken 20. yy'da resimli kitaplar ve sessiz filmlerde Pompeii temsilleri
This dissertation aims to illustrate and examine the depiction of ancient Pompeii as 'space,' 'image', and 'moving image'. A significant novelty introduced in the contemporary literature on Pompeii is the importance given to '(re)presentation' as a way of visualization, rather than as a way of documentation. The corpus of the visual narrative of Pompeii does not just illustrate or animate 'ruins'; it is a composed 'architectural mise en abyme' created through representations of 'stage in a stage' and 'frame in a frame'. The main argument relies on a critical reading about the type, content, and nature of early representations of Pompeii. These visual productions form a significant part of its early architectural historiography. The thesis aims to contribute in several ways to the scholarship. First, it aims to introduce and critically address illustrated books as visual sources for architectural interpretation. A second contribution of the study lies in integrating the medium of cinema into its discussion framework. A third contribution is that the thesis sets an example to make a rewarding use of archaeological material in an architectural history framework. The thesis, layer by layer, uncovers the 'archaeology of Pompeian visuality'.
Makli nekropolünde mimari karşılaşmalar (14.-18. yüzyıl)
The aim of this research is to evaluate building tradition of Makli from 14th to 18th century, a necropolis in Thatta, Sindh in present day Pakistan. Makli, said to be one of the largest necropolises in the world housing 125,000 (a slightly exaggerated figure) burial ensembles of varying range from free standing carved graves to elaborate tombs, is a UNESCO World Heritage site added to the list in 1981/82 as Historical Monuments of Thatta. The pluralistic architecture these tombs display is problematic when studied through old school taxonomic model and the research is directed to propose a fresh / alternative history of architecture for the site. This fresh perspective entails encounter and integration of building traditions as a paradigm. This research focuses on the standing tombs and does not cover other building types, to keep the scope of research within manageable limits. This three pronged research bases the study on on-site investigation, literature survey and analysis of the tombs to dispense plurality and coming together of foreign, local and Indic elements.
Efes'in kentsel mekanlarının romanizasyonu
Expansion of the Roman sphere of influence over various societies and heterogeneous cultures prompted a unique acculturation in the provinces that is referred to as Romanization. The imperial cult, in general, is considered to be both an indicator of this cultural change and an agent that took an effective role in the process of acculturation. The imperial cult in the provincial context of Asia provides a remarkable case to grasp the acculturation under Roman rule, as a catalyst of defining individuals' and communities' identity, creation of collective memory, and an effective way for the locals to make sense of the intrusion of a foreign authority into their world. Eventually, this cultural change resulted in the metamorphosis of the urban spaces that especially manifested in the creation of convenient places for the accommodation of the imperial cult. In this thesis, the analysis of the imperial settings in which the architectural forms of the imperial cult were generated is treated as a convincing resource to grasp the process of Romanization and the various reactions of the local population to a new context. With a focus on the Augustan administrative-cult center, the project analyzes the role of the architectural language of the imperial cult in the metamorphosis of urban spaces in Roman Ephesus. In doing so, an experiential analysis of the urban spaces is provided to have a thorough understanding of the Augustan cult center within its larger urban context as a smaller component of a grander scheme.
Metin, ören yeri ve müzesiyle bir Troya okuması
The ancient city of Troy has been known universally as the site of Homer's Iliad, witness of the legendary Trojan War, and the home of mythological characters immortalized in the epic prose. Troy can also be regarded as one of the cradles of the history of architecture where nine distinct settlements were unearthed in the same mound. Highlighting the real and conceptual city further, the new museum of Troy which has renovated displays and animations of the holdings in the collection as a product of both ancient and modern history opened its doors with the declaration of the "Year of Troy" in 2018. This study is intended to investigate multiple readings of Troy triggered by the story in the Iliad starting from the remarkable discovery of the site and first excavations. Representations of Troy are examined by using selected case build-ups. In doing so, the idea is to find common grounds for the organization of the literary text, archaeological site, and design of displays in the new museum. This thesis aims to show how different mindsets and approaches over the ancient settlement overlap, complement and sometimes even contradict each other. The aim here is to bring together different perspectives to the Trojan narrative by creating aggregate imaginary and factual perceptions over Troy by readings in different frames and creating analogies. In addition to the different perspectives, similar to the new museum assembling the antique and the modern under its roof, the concept of the thesis is to gather the various frames under the same metaphoric roof from the past to the present.
New York şehir senfonileri: İki savaş arası modernitesinin eleştirisi ve propagandası
This thesis aims to write an architectural history of interwar years New York analyzing eleven existing city symphonies. City symphonies are avant-garde documentaries which provide valuable information to understand life in modern urban cities. With its skyscrapers, bustling harbor activities, multilayered transportation network and immense immigration wave, New York bore many problems of urbanization and tried to solve them with innovations. This thesis explores receptions and representations of modernity through city symphonies focusing the specificities of films they reveal. It addresses mechanization of everyday life, American urban economy and its diversity, gender of time and space, privacy and publicity, similarity and diversity.
Kadri Erkman: Modernist bir mimarın Ankara'daki mesleki uygulamaları
This study is an attempt to understand the architectural practice of Ahmet Kadri Erkman (1928-2015), an architect who produced numerous buildings around the country but specifically in Ankara. Erkman graduated from the Fine Arts Academy (Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi) in 1951 and started his professional career at the beginning of the 1950s. He worked in the institutional architecture office of İş Bankası between 1962 and 1994, and also as a freelance architect for the market for more than thirty years. Apartment blocks and office blocks that form the majority of his works, are located in the center of Ankara, and they have become parts of the modern built environment of the city. The aim of this study is to analyze the works of Kadri Erkman in the socio-political and economic context of the second half of the 20th century in Turkey and the urban and architectural context of the period in Ankara.
Bilinçli mimarlık: Hermetik felsefenin Batı Rönesans mimarisinde kuram ve uygulama üzerine etkisi
During the Renaissance, a theory of Architecture recognized building as a sacred act, and the built environment itself as a sacred domain. This theory was the product of a philosophically oriented mindset, tainted with a passion for an ancient tradition based in Egypt, a passion that was triggered by long-term exposure to Oriental Esotericism. The link between Theological Philosophy and Architecture was perhaps most emphasized during the 15th and 16th centuries, manifestations of which can be traced in the realm of Renaissance Hermeticism. Renaissance intellectuals from various parts of Europe had an appreciative attitude towards a 'sacred wisdom' authored by a mysterious and legendary Hermes who, within Western imagination, was the descendants of a royal bloodline traced to Zoroaster. This occult-obsessed mentality was projected unto the theoretical and practical domains of Renaissance Architecture, where representations of Hermetic philosophy were adopted in the design of both public and domestic buildings. Reoccurring themes of the ethical and cosmological principles of Hermeticism in Renaissance Art and Architecture provide a stark testimony of the influence of Environmental philosophy on the meaning of Western Architecture.
Endüstri öznelerinin çalışma, yaşam ve kollektivite mekanlarında oluşumu: Eskişehir 1923-1980
State-based industry in Eskişehir was introduced by state-owned factories in the second quarter of the twentieth century. Accordingly, three large-scale industries, the railway factory, the sugar factory, and the Sümerbank print factory, were founded or developed by the Turkish state. In line with these developments, the city began to be transformed through industrialization, migration, and urbanization. Between 1950 and 1980, the industrial workers in Eskişehir began to find their own voices and took part in intense organizational debates within the workers' organizations: trade unions, editorial rooms, consumer cooperatives, and holiday camps. Thus, many industrial workers spread to the larger urban environment, searching for living and collective spaces, struggling to form organizations as organized industrial subjects, and interacting with the social and cultural life of the city. In addition to what the state introduced, this dissertation discusses how the industrial employees produced in and interacted with the urban environment by covering all employees working in the factory - managers, officials, engineers, workers and other employees - to explore a more diverse network of actors. The main objective is to understand how work, living, and collective spaces were produced and used resulting in multiple industrial subjects alongside an analysis of how this built environment was positioned within social, economic, and political change in the city.
Ortodoks Hristiyanlık ve İslam'da yeni Eflâtunculuk ve Bizans ve Selçuk mimarilerindeki yansımaları
Neoplatonism was arguably a significant factor in esoterically nurturing Christianity and Islam. It was influential in forming the worldview, culture, art, and architecture of the two religions. This study aims to trace the repercussions of this influence in Middle Byzantine churches from the 11th and 12th Centuries and Seljuk mosques and madrasahs from the 13th Century in Anatolia. By analyzing the typologies in terms of their spatial configuration and decoration, both in respect to geometry, it questions whether it is possible to suggest Neoplatonism as instrumental for the formation of these architectures. The study not only highlights the common aspects within the typologies but also provides a comparison of the two architectural traditions. To do so, the study first provides a philosophical background regarding Neoplatonism. Based on the Neoplatonic ontology, the study generates v three concepts, "hierarchy, duality and unity." These ontological concepts are discussed to be transformed into design concepts by means of geometry. Later, case studies selected from each architectural tradition are examined in separate chapters regarding the traces of the three concepts. These examinations are held in relation to the cultural atmosphere and the liturgical characters of the eras, in both the Neoplatonic influence are observable. As a result of these analyses with a multidisciplinary approach, this study claims that Neoplatonic theories were known in Anatolia and influential for the worldview, culture and art of both the Byzantines and the Seljuks. These influences were possibly instrumental for the two architectures, embedded with religion and cosmology.
Modern Turkish Architecture (1984)'te temsil ve historiyografi
Modern Turkish Architecture (1984) is one of the first publications to evaluate the development of architecture in Turkey by relating it to the contexts within which architectural works were produced. The book, covering a broad timeline of architectural production between the final years of the Ottoman Empire and the 1980s, has a historiographical significance, in addition to its continuing importance in education and academic studies. Modern Turkish Architecture (1984) is the outcome of a photographic exhibition and a seminar that took place in 1982, which was organized as part of the Atatürk Centennial activities with the collaboration of Middle East Technical University and University of Pennsylvania. As the first publication written in English, the edited volume was intended and constructed as an international representation of accomplishments in the architectural field of Turkey, addressing a global audience. In this thesis, it is aimed to trace and discuss the key ideas and themes that shape the representation of a past in the architectural history of Turkey in the 1980s, through the specific case of Modern Turkish Architecture (1984). Contextual and narratorial factors which play a role in the construction of image/s of the past in the book, were examined and categorized to discuss how different approaches to narratives, and the utilization of ideological and architectural themes in a text, can construct varying meanings, which allows for diverse interpretations, re-interpretations, and writings of architectural histories.
Medyanın evselleştirilmesi: Modern Türkiye bağlamında mekânsal bir sorgulama
The thesis surveys the domestication of media in the modern Turkish context since the 20th century, with a particular focus on the design, representation, and production of domestic space in architectural practice. The house and media relationship that has been structured in conjunction with industrialization and economy, consumption and culture, and public and private since the 19th century, has evolved into a more direct one with the introduction of electronic media, particularly radio, television, and personal computer, from the 20th century onwards. Since then, as in other contexts, media has been domesticated, in other words, it was socially and culturally appropriated in parallel to modernization and domestic modernization processes in the Turkish context. The changes in the domestic sphere and its relationship with consumption and media correspond to the shifts in modernization and domestic modernization in the late 19th century, early 20th century, mid-20th century, and post-1980s. In this historical context, the periodically popular iconic consumption markers such as piano, fireplace, and American bar as well as electronic house media became the spatial tokens of the changing perceptions of domestic modernity. Unlike the iconic consumption markers, electronic media as symbolic conspicuous objects and transmitters of public messages had a transformative impact on house and private sphere. Thus, the thesis aims to illuminate the domestication processes of radio, television, and personal computer and their spatial manifestation in comparison to the iconic consumption markers by examining selected cases through the lens of architectural practice and representation in four critical periods. Keywords: House and media, domestication of media, modern Turkish context, electronic media, iconic consumption markers
Kemaliye (Eğin) yerleşme dokusu ve evleri üzerine bir araştırma
Batı toplumlarında 19. yüzyılda yeni bir toplumsal ve ekonomik biçimlenme süreci başlatan Endüstri Devrimi kentlerin fiziksel yapılarında belirgin bir değişimi de birlikte getirmiştir. Ülkemizde ise özellikle Cumhuriyet döneminde etkinliği artan bu değişmelerden öncelikle sanayileşme politikasına doğrudan katılan kıyı kentleri payını almış, hızlı kentleşme nedeniyle geleneksel doku giderek yok olma sürecine girmiştir. Bu kentlerin yakın etki alanı içinde ol mayan, ana ulaşım yolları üzerinde bulunmayan ve gelişmeleri için özel ekonomik olanaklara sahip olamayan özellikle kasaba ölçeğin deki pek çok yerleşme ise, geçirdikleri tarihi sürecin tüm aşamalarını oldukça iyi yansıtabilen dokularını yakın bir geçmişe kadar koruyabilmişlerdir. Ancak, hızla nüfus kaybederek bugün kentsellik dereceleri bile tartışılır duruma düşen kasabaların tarihsel rolü nün tek canlı kanıtı olan dokuları da zamanın yıkıcı etkisine direnme sınırındadırlar. Anadolu-Türk kentinin örgütlenme ilkelerinin ve geleneksel konut mimarlığının özgün biçimlerinin belirlenmesinde önemli veriler içeren bu yerleşmeler arasında Kemaliye'nin tipik bir örnek oluşturması araştırma konusu olarak seçilmesinin nedenlerinden biri olmuştur. Ayrıca ilçenin, farklı coğrafi ve kültürel etkilerin saptanabildiği alanların kesişiminde, kendine özgü özellikler içeren konumuyla sunduğu öneme karşın bugüne değin hiç dikkati çekmemiş oluşu, çalışmanın amacını ve içeriğini belirlemiştir. Tez, Giriş bölümü dışında dört ana bölümden ve eklerden oluşmak tadır. 1. Bölüm 'de; önce ilçenin coğrafi verileri incelenmiştir. Kemali ye'nin kuruluşundan bugüne uzanan süreç içindeki politik tarihi, yönetsel bölünmesi, ulaşımı, nüfus durumu, sosyo-ekonomik yapısı tarihsel gelişim başlığı altında toplanmış; genel, bölgesel ve ilçeye yönelik kaynaklardan edinilen bilgiler ışığı altında incelenmiştir. 2. Bölüm 'de; Kemaliye'nin fiziksel yapısı ele alınmıştır. Yerleşme dokusunun fiziksel gelişimi yazılı belgelere ve yapısal verilere dayanılarak irdelenmeye çalışılmış, bazı dönemler için varsayım düzeyinde de olsa, sonuçlara varılmıştır. Bu bölümde ayrıca fiziksel dokuyu oluşturan mimari ve işlevsel öğeler; kaynak veriler ve alan çalışmaları değerlendirilerek, tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Kemaliye evlerini konu alan 3. Bölüm' de; ayırtkan özellikler içeren doğal çevre koşullarının yönlendiriciliği dikkate alınarak konut dokusunun yapılanma ilkeleri belirlenmiş, evlerin işlev sel, biçimsel ve yapısal özellikleri çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. 4. Bölüm'de ise; Kemaliye'nin içinde yer aldığı bölgenin tarihsel süreç içinde bir kültürel kesişim alanı olması ve ilçenin bu bölge deki özel konumu bağlamında, evlerin tasarımında genel ve bölgesel geleneklerin niteliği irdelenmiş, sonuçta; Kemaliye'nin bir kasaba ve bir Doğu Anadolu yerleşmesi olarak Anadolu Türk kentleri ve geleneksel evleri içindeki yerini belirlemeye yönelik genel değerlendirmeler yer almıştır.