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Erken dönem yaşam stresinin ve mizacın bebeklerin kortizol düzeyleri ve bilişsel gelişimleri üzerindeki etkisi
Although early adversity, including being reared in institutional care or a low socioeconomic environment, influences children's development negatively, not all children are affected at the same level. This thesis aims to examine the role of early adversity and temperament in infants' cognitive development and their stress regulation systems. Study I longitudinally examined the cognitive development of infants 3 to 15 months old reared in institutional care (N = 75). Their development was compared with that of infants in a biological family group (N = 65). In Study II, infants' cognitive development in institutional care (N = 63) was compared with that of infants reared in low-socioeconomic status (SES) family environments (N = 60) at one-time point. The moderating role of temperament was also examined in both Study I and Study II. Study III examined the association between hair cortisol levels of the infants, SES levels of their families, cognitive development, and temperament. Findings from Study I showed that infants in institutional care had lower cognitive development in wave 1, and they could not catch up with their age-mates in family groups in wave 3. Study II showed that infants with low levels of falling reactivity had lower attention skills than infants in the low-SES family group. However, there was no group difference for infants with high levels of falling reactivity. According to the findings in Study III, a mediating role of hair cortisol was not found, but infants' temperament significantly moderated the effects of SES on infants' hair cortisol levels.
İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğreten öğretmenlerin dil sınav sorularını inceleme etkileşimlerinin mikro-çözümleme yoluyla incelenmesi
This study brings an interactional perspective to the construction of syllabus-based language tests and the stage of item reviewing (IR) in particular by using Conversation Analysis (CA). Drawing on a corpus of video-recordings of IR sessions (25 hours) in an English preparatory school at a state university in Turkey, it investigates how EFL teachers review language test items prepared for their students in and through interaction with the item writer who is one of the teachers assigned in the testing office of the school. Following the principles of CA, the initial analysis showed that the interactions mainly focused on the problematic items and they were made up of three recurring phases; (1) problematizing the item (PI), (2) suggesting a change (SC), and (3) reviewing the change (RC). The micro-analysis generated models for the overall structural organization of these emerging phases and revealed recurring interactional actions that led to mutual understanding and joint decision-making about the test item. The teachers were also found to display an orientation to various testing principles in and through talk as they collaboratively reviewed and revised the test items. Additionally, the interactions showed an orientation to the institutional role distribution of the participants although there was clear evidence for their shared responsibility and equal engagement in the IR task. This study is expected to contribute to conversation analytic studies of language testing and teacher-to-teacher institutional talk, and has implications for language test construction, EFL teachers' professional competence, and L2 teacher education.
Bir sanayi kentinin yükselişi ve düşüşü: Karadeniz Ereğli'de değişen yer duygusu
Karadeniz Ereğli is a single-industry city that transformed from a coastal town to an industrial city thanks to the establishment of Ereğli Iron and Steel Company in the 1960s. Kdz. Ereğli as a single-industry city started to change in regard to economic, social, and political aspects, and in the last 60 years, the company has been the major institution to lead these transformations. Erdemir has shaped the memories and identities in the city and changed the characteristic features of the place. The rising period that started with the establishment of the company through its positive social and economic contributions changed the sense of place. However, the privatization of the company in 2006 also shifted the sense of place for the second time. The changed relationship between the company and the city led people to rethink about the values of the place. Therefore, Erdemir as the major institution in the city reproduced the sense of place through its effects on collective memory. This thesis analyzes the changing of sense of place in Kdz. Ereğli throughout this long transformation by placing special emphasis on the role of Iron and Steel factory as the major institution dominating the city. Therefore, this study introduces two important concepts: institutional reproduction of sense of place and institutionally mediated collective memory. In order to argue these concepts, field research has been conducted in Kdz. Ereğli by using semi-structured in-depth interviews to analyze the change of sense of place by Erdemir. Moreover, these interviews provided local perceptions and reevaluations about the place from today to back to the 1960s so that expose the shifts in the sense of place.
Sivil koruma alanında Avrupalılaşma imkânları: İtalya ve Hırvatistan örnekleri
Civil protection is one of the areas where the European Union (EU) coordinates the efforts of the Member States to minimize the effects of emergencies and disasters. In line with the subsidiarity principle, EU level civil protection mainly depends on the national capacities of the Member States. Therefore, civil protection is an area where the EU regulations do not have a binding power and the Union is mainly supporting the Member States in their civil protection efforts. The main aim of this study is to understand the prospects of Europeanization in the field of civil protection, where all the Member States have their own unique civil protection systems and the EU level coordination is mainly dependent on the domestic systems and resources. To understand the prospects of Europeanization, the study examines the main aspects of the current civil protection system of the EU and shows to what extent non-binding governance paves the way for Europeanization. For this aim, two Participating States of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), Italy and Croatia, are examined as case studies.
Work-family conflict and coping strategies of employed women in a public institution
This study aims to examine work family conflict experienced by employed mothers, and coping strategies developed by them. This study centers on gender as explanatory variable and it is set within the framework of Feminist Standpoint Theory to reflect women's experience as the starting point. The fieldwork of the study is based on accounts of depth interviews from 15 working mothers employed in a public institution in Ankara. By conducting this method, this study reveals employed women's feelings and routines in a detailed way. This study also analyses employed women's work-family conflict admitting socially and culturally constructed gender role ideology as a base. This study sets forth antecedents of work-family conflict as gendered division of labor at home, unavailable and inaccessible public facilities for childcare, working place conditions such as inflexible long working hours and workload and attitudes of colleagues, as well as employers/managers. Adopted coping strategies are the product of gender-oriented relations and reinforce gender inequality between couples. This study also focuses on emotional distress and intense feeling of guilt by employed women as a result of work-family conflict. Lastly, policy recommendations are submitted in order to reduce work family conflict and to establish women-friendly environments.
Üniversite yöneticilerinin kriz olarak tanımlanan durumlarda karar verme süreçleri: Nitel bir vaka çalışması
This study aims to combine two complex concepts which are higher education administration and crisis decision-making. Studies about decision-making in crisis within the perspective of Educational Administration are limited as most of the studies on this topic conducted with decision-makers from fire departments, police departments and military services who mostly face with situations to make life-and-death decisions. As the crisis decision-making has become very popular in the last two decades and the number of crises seen in the HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) increase day by day, the aim of the study is to explore the decision-making processes of the senior university administrators in crisis in the universities within the scope of their crisis perceptions. Therefore, a qualitative exploratory case study was conducted with the participation of eight senior university administrators of a public university in Ankara, Turkey to see the situation in the university case. Participants were selected by purposive typical sampling to provide balance while choosing administrators from different positions like president, vice-president, dean or director. The data was collected through semi-structured interview questions and data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis. The results indicated that the way decision-makers perceive crisis may vary. Moreover, the results showed senior university administrators are not fully knowledgeable about possible ways of effective crisis decision-making. Majority of the participants had the tendency of being rational and analytic during crisis decision-making and they are found to be biased to make intuitive decisions. To conclude, findings provided many steps of decision-making process in crisis situations which are overlap with recognition-primed decision-making.
Kadınların eğitim seviyesinin ailedeki finansal katılımları ve ekonomik şiddet deneyimleri üzerindeki rolü
This study aims to investigate the role of women's education level in their participation in financial decision-making process and access to resources by considering women's perceptions, experiences, reactions and coping strategies of economic violence in the family. The data is collected through in-depth interviews; 30 married women participate in this research. 15 of them have university education, while 15 of them have high school education. The findings can be briefly expressed through four main themes, which are namely women's participation in the labour market, social support, versatile identity construction and access to information. Firstly, education provides a possibility to strengthen through such opportunities as allowing an occupation, quality of job and economic independency. Secondly, women, who have more social support such as family support and social network, both feel and become stronger in case of domestic violence. Thirdly, women with higher education establish versatile identities based on work as well as home, and in the case of destruction of one of their identities based on home, women stay stronger. It makes possible to oppose violence including economic form. Lastly, higher educated women have easier access to information of economic violence and rights. In light of all discussions in the study, even though both groups of women are exposed to various forms of economic violence in their families, higher educated women have more financial participation. In a parallel manner they experience economic violence less than the other group, and they signify and cope with it in their families easier.
Measuring deliberation online:a comparative analysis of discussions on Ekşi Sözlük
As the crisis of representation deepens in the traditional representative democratic institutions, new forms of democracy such as deliberative democracy become more significant. Deliberative Democracy is a form of democracy which centres deliberation and consideration to its core. The objective of this thesis is to measure online deliberative democratic practices on Ekşi Sözlük. As the internet become more reachable, it creates a potential to remove the reasons that created representative democracy. New forms of democracy, then, should be considered in this new platform of democratic practices -the internet. Analysing whether deliberative democratic practices are accomplished in political discussions on forum-like websites such as Ekşi Sözlük, is a way to see new forms of democracy is possible in the internet. By using the Online Group Deliberation Coding Scheme, 3,706 Ekşi Sözlük entries were analysed in three topics on different political issues. Seven indicators were defined under analytical and social dimensions: creating an information base, values, identifying solutions, weighing solutions, common good orientation, respect, and reciprocity.
Rusya Federasyonu'nun kamu diplomasisi ve tarihi mirası
This thesis analyzes the Russian public diplomacy within both historical and contemporary contexts. To this end, discussion on public diplomacy concept, the history of the Russian public diplomacy and a comparative analysis on the public diplomacy conducted by the Russian Federation with regards to the Ukrainian Crisis and Syrian Civil War will be presented. This thesis seeks to find out the main goal/theme of the public diplomacy conducted by the Russian Federation, the impact of the historical legacy of the Russian polity and the continuities therein. Within the framework of this thesis, it is argued that historically the main theme of public diplomacy conducted by the Russian polity is to mitigate the negative repercussions of its aggressive/expansionist policies. Impact of this historical legacy is also visible in the contemporary Russian public diplomacy. The comparative analysis conducted on the two recent cases showed that the main objective of public diplomacy implemented by the Russian Federation is to provide a justification for the re-emerging Russian assertiveness in the international arena.
Türkiye'nin ilk girişimcilik yarışması YFYİ'nin etkisinin incelenmesi
The aim of this study is to investigate and examine the effect of Yeni Fikirler Yeni İşler (YFYI) Entrepreneurship Program on entrepreneurship. The study has two main aims: a. Understanding and documenting the effect that YFYI has had with examples and survey-based statistics b. Investigating whether there is a significant difference between the finalist that were awarded and those that did not receive any award In accordance with this purpose, the teams participating in the program from 2005, when YFYI started, to 2018 were examined. The current job profiles of 370 program participants who got to the finals out of 972 participants were investigated. As a result of this research, a survey has been conducted to 127 finalists with an entrepreneurial background and 49 finalists who did not experience entrepreneurship. The purpose of this survey is to investigate whether there is a significant difference between award-winning vs. non-award-winning finalists and to gain knowledge and inferences about companies established after YFYI participation. The other outcome of the survey was to assess whether the finalists who did not perceive themselves as an entrepreneur are more open to intrapreneurship and innovation. In addition to the survey, interviews were conducted with some YFYI finalists who founded a company and progressed successfully. Through these interviews, the stories of successful YFYI companies from the beginning to the present were conveyed. In this way, the founders' aim to apply for the YFYI, the supports they got within and after the program, and the problems they faced after the program were revealed. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the individuals participating in YFYI had an orientation towards entrepreneurship before the program; nevertheless, they were still happy to have taken part in the YFYI process. However, although YFYI increases the knowledge and the interest of the participants towards entrepreneurship, it was found that receiving an award from the program did not have a statistically significant effect on establishing a new company. It was revealed that the program contributes positively to the academicians, public and private sector employees, who did not choose entrepreneurship as a career path, to their openness to intrapreneurship and innovation in the institution they work.