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Social cohesion in forced migration: an attempt to operationalize social cohesion for syrians under temporary protection in Turkey
Forced migration of Syrians facilitated unique progresses and exceptional changes in Turkey when previous experience with inward forced migration movements to Turkey are taken into account. Syrians' en masse registration under Temporary Protection was in compliant with the protection assurances of 1951 Convention and 1960 Protocol, albeit being a situation where reservations could apply. As a country of asylum, it was the first time when Turkey decided to mobilize Local Integration as a solution for a forced migration situation rather than resettlement or voluntary repatriation. Turkey reformulated Local Integration as Harmonization which necessitates interaction of forced migrant and host communities as well as the host country. While doing so, Harmonization explicitly segregated from the commonly accepted notions of assimilation and integration, while at the same time the concept is affiliated as an end state to be achieved. In order to do so, social cohesion, which is the faculty of intergroup interactions, identified as a medium for achieving Hannonization. However, the identification was merely the beginning ofthe process. Despite literature saturated with works on social cohesion, there are very few works on its relationship with forced migration. Therefore, attested to the unique and exceptional disposition of Syıians in Turkey as well as being an on-going forced migration situation, this study aims to investigate how social cohesion can be defined, how the definition can be applied in this situation, and what are the plausible dimensions and parameters for operationalizing social cohesion in order to achieve Harmonization as the intended outcome. Keywords: Syrians under Temporary Protection in Turkey, intergroup interactions, social cohesion, forced ınigration, operationalization
The maintenance of identity and transnational family ties across generations: The role of Palestinian mothers in Turkey
This thesis explores the practices and strategies Palestinian mothers use to maintain their Palestinian identity in Turkey and to continue doing family with their transnational family members. This thesis also focuses on the mothers' role in encouraging their children to preserve their sense of being Palestinian and to keep ties with their transnational family members. This thesis engages in discussions related to the literature on ethnic identities and transnational families by investigating these issues from the perspective of mothers. In this qualitative study, I employed semi-structured in-depth interviews with sixteen mothers who reside in Istanbul. I recruited these mothers through convenience sampling. These mothers vary in their birth country, the number of years they spent in Turkey, and their citizenship. I use the grounded theory approach to analyze the data I collected from these interviews. I then organized the finding into two sections, one related to the Palestinian identity and the other related to doing family. Regarding Palestinian identity, mothers used some strategies emphasizing the heritage Arabic language, Islamic identity, Palestinian food, and traditional clothes to preserve their and their children's sense of ethnic identity. Mothers also reported the practices through which they maintained communication with their family members outside Turkey mainly by using ICTs. They also reported many forms of support they exchange with their transnational family members. This study reveals some important aspects of the Palestinian community in Turkey and gives insights into the second generation of Palestinian immigrants.
Brain drain from Türkiye to the European Union countries after the 2010 referendum
This thesis examines the brain drain phenomenon through the experiences of individuals migrating from Türkiye to European Union countries. The main purpose of the research is to determine at which stages migration theories, such as Push-Pull and Network theories, are effective in the migration decision-making processes of individuals and to evaluate the roles of these theories in settlement processes. The study analyses the motivations of professionals migrating from Türkiye abroad, their difficulties, and the opportunities they obtain in their new living spaces. In addition, the historical development of Türkiye's migration and asylum policies in the context of the concept of brain drain is examined, and how these policies were shaped after the 2010 referendum is investigated. The surveys and interviews conducted within the scope of the field work of the research deepened the findings and shed light on Türkiye's current and future policy orientations regarding brain drain. As a result, it is emphasized that Türkiye needs to increase economic opportunities, ensure political stability, and strengthen academic freedom to prevent brain drain and encourage reverse migration.
The role of external actors in the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU and their impacts on the EU's normative power
The European Union's prominence in international relations with its unique structure has been associated with the concept of normative power. This thesis examines the change in a normative power of the EU by focusing on the policies of securitization of migration and externalization of migration management within the scope of cooperation with third countries. Thesis presents three different case studies by examining normativity through the Mobility Partnership between the EU and Morocco, the Memorandum of Understanding between Italy and Libya, and the readmission agreement and statement between Turkey and the EU. These cases are analyzed with the explaining outcome process-tracing method, one of the qualitative research methods. This study shows that the EU's securitization and externalization policies give third countries bargaining power and political maneuverability, and as a result, the EU takes more protective border measures in migration management with third countries and underestimates the human rights dimension of migration, thus a cyclical securitization is formed by moving away from its normative power. Keywords: European Union, Normative Power, Securitization, Externalization, Migration Management
The role of external actors in the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU and their impacts on the EU's normative power
The European Union's prominence in international relations with its unique structure has been associated with the concept of normative power. This thesis examines the change in a normative power of the EU by focusing on the policies of securitization of migration and externalization of migration management within the scope of cooperation with third countries. Thesis presents three different case studies by examining normativity through the Mobility Partnership between the EU and Morocco, the Memorandum of Understanding between Italy and Libya, and the readmission agreement and statement between Turkey and the EU. These cases are analyzed with the explaining outcome process-tracing method, one of the qualitative research methods. This study shows that the EU's securitization and externalization policies give third countries bargaining power and political maneuverability, and as a result, the EU takes more protective border measures in migration management with third countries and underestimates the human rights dimension of migration, thus a cyclical securitization is formed by moving away from its normative power. Keywords: European Union, Normative Power, Securitization, Externalization, Migration Management
The role of external actors in the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU and their impacts on the EU's normative power
The European Union's prominence in international relations with its unique structure has been associated with the concept of normative power. This thesis examines the change in a normative power of the EU by focusing on the policies of securitization of migration and externalization of migration management within the scope of cooperation with third countries. Thesis presents three different case studies by examining normativity through the Mobility Partnership between the EU and Morocco, the Memorandum of Understanding between Italy and Libya, and the readmission agreement and statement between Turkey and the EU. These cases are analyzed with the explaining outcome process-tracing method, one of the qualitative research methods. This study shows that the EU's securitization and externalization policies give third countries bargaining power and political maneuverability, and as a result, the EU takes more protective border measures in migration management with third countries and underestimates the human rights dimension of migration, thus a cyclical securitization is formed by moving away from its normative power. Keywords: European Union, Normative Power, Securitization, Externalization, Migration Management