748
Archived Theses
0
DOIs Assigned
0%
DOI Rate
Discipline
Bilbo's hero's journey through the scope of Campbell's Monomyth
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how J.R.R Tolkien formulated the journey of a hero in his novel "The Hobbit or There and Back Again". The thesis is aimed at explaining the journey of Bilbo, Thorin and Gandalf through the scope of Joseph Campbell's monomyth. The reader is provided with information which helped Tolkien's work to become successful. Also, it has been discussed with the archetypes of Carl Jung that the characters which are studied are not unique heroes. Tolkien, in "The Hobbit or There and Back Again", points out the importance of spiritual and material world. He draws attention to the fact that the courage of a little fellow in a wide world might be for the benefit of the rest. By choosing a hobbit as a protagonist he aims at showing the significance of an insignificant person might be greater. On a larger scale, Tolkien aims at attacking prejudices of humanity. Key words: quest, monomyth, archetype, myth, hero's journey
J. M. Coetzee's Foe as rewriting of Robinson Crusoe: The problems of Canon and narratorial voice
This study analyses Nobel Prize-winning South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee's postcolonial period novel Foe (1986) as a rewriting of Robinson Crusoe from two focus points. Firstly, it shows how Foe attempts to gain canon status by using Robinson Crusoe's status of being a member of the Western Canon. And it also shows that Foe as a postcolonial period novel seeks canon status in order to give the right to presence to people who were formerly ignored existence and silenced in colonialist novels. Secondly, it shows that there are multiple narratorial voices in the novel and the reason why they are present in the novel.
Religious conflict in Muriel Spark's novels: The Bachelors, The Comforters and Memento Mori
Muriel Spark, who was born as Jewish and later adopted Catholicism, is an author like many authors who reflect their ideologies, beliefs and philosophies in their works. Religion is a significant item in her novels. In this study, God-author relationship, the effects of religion on fate, free will (the characters' choices or wishes) and divine will, namely fiction and reality are discussed in Spark's three chosen novels; The Bachelors, The Comforters and Memento Mori. While dealing with the subject of fate and free will, the religious conflicts adopted by her Catholic characters are analyzed.
The posthuman condition: A comparative study of Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake
Recently, numerous scientific and technological advances have taken place and the humanist attitude that man is the measure of all things has been challenged by the flourishing manifestations of trans-/posthumanism. Therefore, what it means to be human has been questioned by various theoreticians like Cary Wolfe, N. Katherine Hayles, and Donna Haraway. In this regard, concepts like Self/Other, human/non-human, body/mind are analysed anew in the framework of trans- and posthumanism. As part of dystopian literature, Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (2005) and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake (2003) not only indicate a posthuman condition but also illustrate the question of identity regarding the characters. Consequently, this study discloses breaking points which involve issues of authenticity, othering, as well as identity explorations of the individuals based on post-/transhumanist theories and significant issues of the contemporary age. Besides developing self-awareness to gain individual autonomy, the subjects' ability to liberate themselves through the rejection of grand narratives is discussed with references to posthuman ethics in Never Let Me Go and Oryx and Crake in a comparative manner. Key words: Kazuo Ishiguro, Margaret Atwood, metanarrative, othering, posthuman subject, posthumanism, self-awareness, transhumanism
A preliminary classification of Sauzini
Sauzini which is spoken by approximately 1000 inhabitants in the Yesilova town in Kastamonu is a spoken language which has not been studied up to now. The existence of this language which has no any written materials or sources can be explained by having a closed society and their pereference of living as an isolated society that is far away from other cultures. Nevertheless having a closed society also makes to be informed about their language difficult. In this study, by making a preliminary classification of Sauzini, its placement in linguistics study and making a record about this language are aimed at. In this study, it is purposed to question the place of Sauzini by comparing it with Indo-European languages by revealing that Sauzini is an Indo-European language and make an overall linguistic outline which also includes typological classification of Sauzini. In this thesis glottostatistic and glottochronologic methods are adopted and Sauzini is compared with English which is the member of Gernmanic Laguages of Indo-European Language family, and four Iranian languages which two of them are from Northwestern and the other two are from Southwestern based on Swadesh word list. The results obtained show that Sauzini has close relation with these languages acoording to the common words furthermore it also has numerous different features according to the phonetic equvalances. It is allaged that Sauzini is a part of independent language group which sperated from West-Iranian languages in a date after Zazaki and Kurmanji but before Persian and Baḵtiāri. Key Words: Sauzini, Iranian Languages, Indo-European Language Family, Comparative Linguistics, Glottochronology, Phonetic Equvalences.
Discourse and identity in Louis De Bernieres' Novel Birds Without Wings
The aim of this present thesis is to discuss the concept of identity in a discursive perspective in Louis De Bernieres' Birds Without Wings. Identity concept is studied on in six chapters to observe the construction and deconstruction processes of identity formation based on the related identity theories. In the first chapter the focus is on the individual identities in relation to the narrative technique applied in the novel. In the second chapter, social construction of identity, its reflections on society and social structures are discussed. The third chapter focuses on the reflections of religious identities on individual and social levels with reference to religious characters in the novel. Chapter four deals with dislocation of identities or exiled identities with reference to the event of exchange of populations of Turks and Greeks being one of the central themes in the novel. In the fifth chapter sexual identity is discussed under the concepts of gender and gender roles mostly on the social level with reference to inter-relationships and the last chapter took the concepts of disidentification and non-identity with reference to some isolated, marginalized selves as characters in the novel. As a study of identity focusing on the artificial shaping and reshaping of its structures and types in the postmodern novel Birds Without Wings written with a general attitude to make the existing multiplicities visible with the narrative technique employed by the author, identity concept, identity construction and deconstruction are aimed to be examined to discuss the awareness and effects of change, transformation, fluidity and instability of human identity in individual and social structures within a discursive frame. Key words: Identity, Discourse, Individual identity, Social identity, Religious identity, Gender identity, Exiled identity, Disidentification
Death and dying of the self in Louis de Bernières' Birds Without Wings
Throughout the periods of literature, Death has been one of the most interesting and attractive themes. In that meaning, Death has been used as theme many times in literary works. The ways of describing death has been altered by periods in order to circumstances and contemporary theories. Especially in Postmodern Period, theme of Death has gained another aspect with Dying process of the self. According to this aspect, authors have been curious about the process of dying and imagination has had great contribution. In Postmodern Period, Heidegger has become guide to authors by his theories about Death, Dasein and Authenticity. He has enlightened authors with his theory of Dasein. Theory of Dasein questions the Existence and Inexistence and tries to disclose the self. In this process of struggle, Death owns a mirror role, which reflects Dasein' self. Facing with the self induces great panic, fear and anxiety. It is another threshold of the self. It is the most difficult process that Dasein gets through. With questioning the existence, life and death, Dasein alters the mode of live to authentic one. In this mode, Dasein begins to observe own existence and the self. This questioning and observation lead to self-awareness and self-exploration. One of the best novels which describe this journey for self-realization and self-exploration is Louis De Berniéres' Birds Without Wings. With this narrative, readers accompany characters in their life journey. In these journeys, readers and characters witness many various kinds of deaths and dying processes. Key words: Heidegger, Dasein, Authenticity, Self – awareness, Death, Dying Process, Existence, Inexistence, Non-existence, Self – exploration, Louis De Berniéres, Birds Without Wings
The profane vs. The sacred in medieval theatre
This work aims to discuss the sacred and its representations in medieval drama by focusing on the character of the Devil in medieval plays. In this work; contrary to the notion that the Devil is a figure of profane and the first example of the secularization of the medieval drama; the Devil is taken as an example of representation of the sacred. This work consists two chapters. In section one, the researcher dealt with the the cognitive and social situation of medieval society. First, the dynamics that constitute the medieval society are discussed. Afterwards, the correlation between theatre and church is handled. In chapter two, the focus is on the character of the Devil. The concept of the Devil is in Medieval period is dealt with via oppositional thinking. In addition, The Devil in cycle plays; The Creation and The Fall of Angels, The Fall of Man, The Deliverance of Souls; is analysed to support the argument of this thesis.
The role of intercultural competence in english language teaching
In addition to being skillful classroom teachers and competent users of foreign language teaching materials, teachers should also view foreign language teaching through an intercultural perspective. Teachers are now required to teach intercultural competence within and out of their classroom. Moreover, they are expected to have the ability to understand each other across all types of cultural barriers in order to make our societies work. That is why there is a real urgency for teachers that can promote and transfer intercultural competence through their work and adopt approaches to culture teaching. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the dimensions of intercultural competence and to serve as an encouragement for the future progress of different concepts of teacher training and teaching practice. Finally, it targets to reflect the preparedness of english language teachers to an intercultural challenge in the classroom and their openness to future training sessions on developing and using techniques to promote intercultural competence within their classroom.
The post-war and postmodern English campus novel: Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis and Changing Places by David Lodge
The present thesis focuses on a particular fictional event – the campus novel – having a long developmental history but largely a product of the twentieth century, which is a very complex artistic and literary period encompassing various other literary periods, and also historical and cultural periods, as well as many literary movements and trends. Its first part is twofold consisting of realism or traditional versus modernism or modernist art and literature. Modernism is the late modern experimental and innovative art standing as a self-reflection and a late modern self-criticism of modernity. The period after the 1960s is the contemporary historical, social and cultural condition, which is called postmodern period or postmodernity. It is a reaction to modernity; also, postmodern as adjective refers to a particular period in literary and perhaps cultural history and to a set of aesthetic styles and principles. The reflecting mentality and artistic practice of postmodernity is called postmodernism or postmodernist art and literature; hence postmodernism is a reflexive cultural phenomenon or attitude of the postmodern period, an aesthetic phenomenon, and a reaction to modernism as late aesthetic modernity. But there is also a period after World War 2, which lasted for some ten or fifteen years, called the post-war period and coming before the postmodern one. In the second half of the twentieth century on the whole, the most prolific and popular genre is novel, which developed a remarkable typology: Angry Young fiction (Braine, Amis, Brain, Wain), neo-realist novel, campus novel, philosophical and visionary novel (Golding, Murdoch), magical realism (Carter, Rushdie), historiographic metafiction (Swift, Ackroyd), postcolonial novel (Rushdie, Ali), and so on. The two novels that constitute the main concern of our study – Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis and Changing Places by David Lodge – represent the post-war period and the postmodern period, respectively. We embark on their comparison on the premises that they are both campus novels and as such, even if they belong to different periods and trends, they can be subject to a comparative approach in order to reveal their similarities and differences with regard to both their thematic perspectives and narrative strategies. Having the academic background, which is open to larger social and cultural contexts, as its central element, the campus novel receives in Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis a realist perspective specific to the post-war English literature of the Angry Young Man with its social and moral concerns, and the drama of individual consciousness in constructing the protagonist. A prolific novelist and literary critic, David Lodge provides his campus novel with various postmodern aspects, such as metafictional elements, intertextual perspectives, fragmentariness, and so on, while primarily employing the structuralist principle of "binary opposition" and making it acquire a structural dimension in his Changing Places.
The representation of Eurydice Myth in Sarah Ruhl's play Eurydice and Kathy Acker's Eurydice in the underworld
Mythology with its universal traits, becomes a backbone and an archive of cultures and societies with the help of the shared and similar features. Myths include serves multiple purposes and have various characteristics that via their functions, forms, and contents become an attraction centre in several fields. Therefore, myths became a focus for several writers, poets and playwright who assumed a responsibility to revise the perspectives and meanings. In the meantime, Orpheus and Eurydice myth is one of the myths that was highly alluring not only to the ancients, but also continues to impress contemporary readers. In the original myth and its adaptations, the focus is on Orpheus figure, whereas in the twentieth century the focus is given more to Eurydice figure and especially female authors give voice to Eurydice. In this context, two of the versions of the classical Greek myth serve this purpose, which are Kathy Acker's play Eurydice in the Underworld and Sarah Ruhl's play Eurydice. Two of the writers use the myth and mythical units by juxtaposing the new and old meaning with new ones to present the position of the character Eurydice in their works. In the process of using these mythic patterns, the writers tell the story from Eurydice's point of view, with the aim to revise and construct new meanings and viewpoints. In this sense, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the representation of Eurydice in the myth and mythical units as the examples of psychological archetypes in the works of the two writers and also present ambivalence of the myth by displaying the binary oppositions as death and life, femininity and masculinity, matriarchy and patriarchy through the lens of feminist theory.
Kaptan Corelli'nin Madolini'nde Orpheus ve Eurydice Miti
Since primordial times, myths have had an important effect on literature. Along with the influence of postmodernism, myths are deconstructed. Like myths, music is an indispensable part of man, and Orpheus Myth shows a close connection between music and myth. The aim of this thesisis to define myth and examine the artistic means used in Captain Corelli's Mandolin by Louis de Bernières through the lens of an appropriate comparative methodology such as Carl Gustav Jung's archetypes, Joseph Campbell's monomythical journey and Claude Levi-Strauss's my themes, focusing on the similarities and differences between the Myth of Orpheus and Eurydice and Captain Corelli's Mandolin as well as deconstructing the myth and focusing on the relationship between music and myth.
David Foster Wallace'in eserlerinde ahlaki ve etik konular
David Foster Wallace's works and the period post-postmodernism display a link. The ethical and moral concerns of David Foster Wallace's works in the meaning of post-postmodernism is explained. This thesis will discover the ethical and moral values and the consistency in the meanings of post-postmodern via Wallace's works. These create and improve the analysis of Wallace's work and the scholarly comprehension of the very last history. This gives a unique and imperative use of the language of a growingly vast form. Wallace's writing and his figure of depression are analysed in terms of moral and ethical concerns in post-postmodern literature. Also, to elucidate what post-postmodern should mean, it brings together a significant part of recent literary theory in its multiple styles. It demonstrates the benefits of research of Wallace's work and the use of post-postmodernism for a diversity of critical projects. The present thesis contributes the insight into Wallace's writing by providing an outline of his work and presenting an analysis of the minor and major text, interviews, fiction and nonfiction. In this thesis, two works "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men" short story collection, "Consider the Lobster" collection of essays and two short stories that Wallace penned in different periods of his career are analysed in terms of ethics and morality and also examined the concept of depression as a developing literary and social critique.
David Mitchell's Black Swan Green and the childhood perspective of the formative process within and beyond the postmodern context
This thesis points out those characteristics of Postmodernism and postmodern fiction which would be most congenial in the approach to a particular type of novel, which is the Bildungsroman. The aim of the thesis is to identify certain postmodern elements that makes David Mitchell's novel Black Swan Green a postmodern Bildungsroman and to demonstrate how, as a bildungsroman, it belongs to the postmodern context. Mitchell's fiction, which is considered experimental and innovative by the literary critics, is analysed by looking at the narrative and thematic aspects of the novel in postmodern context and, at the character dynamics in the story which is very essential for the overall meaning of the story. For this reason, the study reflects on how the main characters, especially the child characters, are represented in a postmodern environment, and how the people interact with such an environment. Key words: Postmodern fiction, Bildungsroman, experimental, child characters, Postmodern Bildungsroman.
Theseus mitinin postmodern tiyatroda yeniden düşünülmesi
Edebi tür olan efsane yüzyıllar boyunca canlıydı ve etkileri hala yazarlar tarafından gözlenebilir. Bu yüzden efsanenin önemi bu çalışmada verildi; dahası, Amacı efsane konseptini özelleştirmek olan çeşitli yazarlar tarafından efsanenin tanımı yapıldı. Theseus efsanesi açıklandı ve efsanede bulunan veya bahsedilen mini temalar ortaya çıkarıldı. Efsanelerin rollerini açığa çıkaran çağdaş çalışmalar özgün ve aynı zamanda bağlantılı olabilirler. Motifler, mini temalar, karakter özellikleri ve kahraman maceraları, efsanevi yönlerin önemini göstermek adına başka edebi çalışmalarda gösterilebilir. Böylelikle, bu çalışma içeriğinde Theseus efsanesinin gösterildiği postmodern oyuna odaklıdır. Bir postmodern çalışması olan ve postmodern koşullarını taşıyan Mercury Fur Theseus efsanesinde gösterilen evreler, karakterler, motifler, ve mini temalar gibi efsanevi yönler kapsamı altında tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: efsane, Theseus, postmodern tiyatro, Mercury Fur
Non verbal communication (Body language) and cultural differences
Non Verbal communication, which is a kind of communication without using words, is important for humans to communicate easily. It helps them understand each other easily and in a better way. This study consists of six chapters general information related with the thesis is presented. It includes research questions, variables, hypothesis and aim of the study. Second chapter is related with Non Verbal Communication in Human Social Interaction, which gives detailed information about Non Verbal Communication. In the third chapter comprehensive information about Symbolic Non Verbal Behaviors is stated. Some body movements and their meanings are given in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter gestures used in different cultures and their meanings with attitudes and behaviors are presented. Finally, the conclusion is summarized in the sixth chapter about Non Verbal Communication.
Henry James's novels within and beyond the tradition of the Victorian bildungsroman
This study aims at discussing Victorian artist Henry James's literary practice within and beyond the framework of the Victorian Bildungsroman tradition in order to reveal the ways in which James's novels follow and at the same time depart from this literary phenomenon. The Art of Fiction by Henry James is the subject matter of this study alongside his famous novels Roderick Hudson and The Portrait of a Lady. The subject matter is discussed and elaborated first by introducing the adopted critical approaches in relation to the literary timeline in which fiction embarked on a long process of maturation. In this context, while asserting its distinguishing features from other types of fiction, it is analysed how the Victorian Bildungsroman flourished as a genre. Henry James's novels are approached through a comparative analysis in relation to the texts from the realist school (Charles Dickens's Great Expectations and Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre) and from the non-realist school (Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean).
A new historicist approach to Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal" and A Tale of A Tub
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how the British society and political approach of the kingdom in the course of eighteenth-century is criticized by Jonathan Swift employing the genre satire. The thesis is aimed at explaining his critical perspective by means of providing pertinent background information and carrying out new historicist analysis of "A Modest Proposal" and A Tale of a Tub. The reader is provided with information about some fractions of the author's life and the eighteenth-century as well as the genre satire and the works of Jonathan Swift. It has been discussed that Swift criticizes the mentality of the society of his age and major political doctrines of the era making extensive use of the satire genre. In A Tale of a Tub, Swift underlines the political, social, religious, and economic subjugation England exercised over Ireland in the last decades of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries. Swift, in "A Modest Proposal", points out the colonial practices of England on Ireland. He lays emphasis on the indifference of the people in ruling and upper-class Ireland regarding the colonial practices of England. By suggesting cannibalism as an alternative solution to Ireland's monetary problems, he chooses to reflect his concern ironically in his pamphlet using literary techniques such as irony, parody, and allegory. On a larger scale, Jonathan Swift aims at attacking the universally-shared human emotions and aspirations like arrogance and greediness. It has been observed that even though his original purpose is to berate and reform the people of his age, Jonathan Swift proves himself to be an influential writer in any age through the use of satire.
Hybridity in Monica Ali's Brick Lane and Arundhati Roy's the God of Small Things
This study presents an analysis of Monica Ali's Brick Lane and Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things. In each novel, the characters go into a transformation period to find their identities in the cultures they live in. The first chapter explains the theory of postcolonialism by focusing on the ideas of Edward Said, Frantz Fanon, Robert Young, Bill Ashcroft and others. Terms such as hybridity, mimicry, ambivalence and cultural identity are defined mainly in reference to Homi Bhabha. The hybrid characters with different problems find different techniques to cope with them and they reach different levels of hybridity which is studied in detail in the second and third chapters. The final chapter draws a conclusion commenting on different hybrid situations. Finally, it is observed that all hybrid characters try to find their own voice to create a 'Third Space' but only some of them can achieve this.
The Heroine's Journey in Birds Without Wings by Louis de Berniéres
Louis de Berniéres is one of the most accomplished novelists of the 21st century and his books are among the best-sellers. As a postmodernist novelist, de Berniéres deconstructs the history and constructs it with a postmodernist approach using monomyths and archetypes. This thesis studies the heroine's journey in Birds Without Wings, which is written in 2004, translated in several languages, and represents one of the greatest works of de Berniéres. We encounter with several mythical structures throughout the novel as apocalypse myth, Aphrodite myth, Medusa myth, or most importantly, the hero myth. In his book Hero with a Thousand Faces, Campbell defines what the hero's journey is and explains the stages of the hero's journey creating a pattern in the myths. However, the heroine's journey is different from the hero's journey in that it has more psychological elements rather than being simply a physical journey. Maureen Murdock, in her book The Heroine's Journey, reorganizes the stages of the heroine's journey in which the inner journey of the heroine is more emphasized. In this thesis, I am going to study the journey of Tamara and Leyla and try to explain their inner journeys using monomyths and archetypes.
Jean Baudrillard's Concept of Museumification as revealed in Julian Barnes' Flaubert's Parrot and Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence
This study investigates the concept of 'Museumification' by Jean Baudrillard in terms of postmodernism. Museumification is a term which was theorized by Baudrillard to emphasize a belief or a habit that could not be practised any more. The purpose of this study is to analyse an English novel Flaubert's Parrot by Julian Barnes and a Turkish Novel Museum of Innocence by Orhan Pamuk in terms of Jean Baudrillard's concept of 'museumification' which is mentioned in his own book Simulacra and Simulation. Published in 1984 the third book of the novelist Julian Barnes, Flaubert's Parrot is about being in search of his favourite French writer Gustave Flaubert and the parrot which is taken place in Flaubert's works and his life. Barnes tells the story from a fictional character's George Braithwaite's omniscient point of view with first person narration. Published in 2008 the twelfth book of the novelist Orhan Pamuk, Museum of Innocence is about the love among the characters Kemal Basmacı and Füsun Keskin from the fictional character's Kemal's omniscient point of view with first person narration. Kemal's obsession of collecting his lover Füsun's objects and Pamuk's collecting the objects that represents the time of Istanbul and society. Pamuk's collecting objects which represent the time of İstanbul and Kemal's real objects, which are belong to Füsun, are exhibited in the museum. So the novel becomes a museum. These arguments are analysed both according to Baudrillard's concept of 'museumification' and other sources about the concept of 'museumification'. Keywords: Jean Baudrillard, Museumification, Postmodernism, Julian Barnes, Flaubert's Parrot, Orhan Pamuk, Museum of Innocence
Grotesk ve İngiliz Edebiyatındaki Groteskin edebi ifadesi: Lewis Carroll'un "Alice Harikalar Diyarında" ve Jonathan Swift'in "Gulliver'in Gezileri"
Bu tez grotesk ve İngiliz edebiyatındaki groteskin edebi ifadesi ve Lewis Carroll'un "Alice Harikalar Diyarında" ve Jonathan Swift'in "Gulliver'in Gezileri üzerindeki grotesk konseptin analizi hakkındadır. Carroll'un "Alice Harikalar Diyarında" romanı ana karakter, Alice'in hayal dünyası tarafından yaratılmış olan fantezi dünyasına yapılan bir yolculuk olarak yaklaşılır. Okuyucu, belli bir gerçeklik görülmeyen dünya olan Harikalar Diyarı'na yolculuk ediyor. Bu dünya saçmalıklar, anlamsızlıklar ve tutarsızlıklar tarafından yönetilir. Aynı zamanda, romanın çoğu elementi yazarın yaşadığı zaman olan Viktorya dönemindeki İngilitre'nin fikirlerini ifade eder. Amaç, Carroll'un esas niyeti grotesk konsepti kullanarak gülünç karakterleri göstermek ve Victorya toplumunu yermektir. Burada tezim grotesk, karnivalesk ve yerme gibi teorik yapıları kullanarak Victorya döneminin tarihsel, kültürel ve sosyal alt yapılarını gösterir. Bu tez, grotesk elementleri üzerinden Harikalar Diyarı'nın kendi kuralları ve değerlerin olduğunu anlamakta Alice'in yetersizliğini gösterir. Carroll, Kraliçe gibi Harikalar Diyarı'nın otoriter karakterleri üzerinden Victorya toplumunu ve İngiliz hukuki sistemini yerer. Romanın yermesi , grotesk ve karnivalesk elementleri kullanılarak Harikalar Diyarı'ndaki varlıklarla tuhaf figürleri gelenekleri, diyalogları, ve olayları kapsar. Swift'in "Gulliver'in Gezileri" romanı dört farklı yolculuk hakkındadır. Bu yolculuklar sembolik.temsili ve önemlidir. Jonathan Swift, grotesk gerçeklik ve grotesk bedenleri kullanarak İngiliz toplumu üzerindeki yermesine odaklanmaktadır. Gulliver'in ilk yolculuğu Swift'in insanların küçük bedenlerini yerdiği Lilliput; ikinci olan insanoğlunun yetersizliğini yerdiği Brobdingnag; üçüncü olan felsefe ve bilimi yerdiği Laputa ve son yolculuğu insanoğlunu genel olarak kınaması üzerine hiciv yaptığı Houyhnhnms'dır. Bu dört yolculuk Swift'in hicivi kendi dönemi ve gelecek insanoğlunu üzerindeki eleştiriyi yansıtmaktadır. Bu tez, Lewis Carroll ve Jonathan Swift'in tuhaf figürleri, saçma gelenekleri ve anlamsız diyalogları gibi grotesk elementleri kullanarak İngiliz toplumu yermek için ana karakterleri Alice ve Gulliver'i inşa eden yolları göstermek istedim. Anahtar Kelimeler: Grotesk bedenler, Grotesk gerçeklik, Hiciv, Karnivalesk
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's representation of The Mau-Mau Uprising in his Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat
This research is about two African novels in English, Petals of Blood (1977) and A Grain of Wheat (1967) written by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, He is a well known African contemporary postcolonial writer. The purpose of his novels was to show the role of a long-lasting resisting movement of the Kenyas against the oppressive colonial rule in Kenya. These novels reveal people's dreams of new Kenya, the type of Kenya where everyone will be free to express their voices, where everyone will be able to get their stolen lands back from the colonizers. In addition, the other purpose of these novels is to subvert the power of the colonial text that misrepresents Kenya as a whole and that misrepresents Mau Mau revolution, depicting Mau-Mau as very evil.
Aestheticism and identity information in Walter Pater's Marius The Epicurean
The novel of formation, or the Bildungsroman, is among the most popular types of fiction in Victorian England, especially with realists. Opposed to realism and representing one of the most powerful late-nineteenth-century avant-garde trends is aestheticism. Its initator, Walter Pater, is mostly known and widely acclaimed as the theoretician of this innovative aesthetic movement. In this respect Pater's novel Marius the Epicurean is written in accord with the Bildungsroman, but,distinguishably in the sense of its thematic and narrative elements, the text differs from both socially and morally concerned realistic novel of formation. Even if Marius have found no appropriate philosophy and ended prematurely his life, nevertheless he continuously investigate and prove distinctive philosophical systems objectifiying Pater's unique aesthetic doctrine. To Pater, carrying the spirit to the fleeting chain of impressionisms in a powerful way is the keystone for a succesful and productive life. The aim of the present thesis is to explain the literary importance of the novel, reveal its non-realistic pattern and show the ways in which Pater follows the tradition of the Bildungsroman while relating it to the philosophical and aesthetic issues in many aspects.
Mark Ravenhill'in oyunlarindaki mitsel motifler
The focus of this study is to discuss the mythical motifs in Mark Ravenhill's plays; Shopping and Fucking, Faust is Dead and Some Explicit Polaroids, in relation to their positioning in the postmodern culture with the liberal capitalist systems. The concepts of relationships as a site of economic exchange, the quality of choice in market economies, free will, subject, knowledge and power are investigated through the theories of prominent postmodernist philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Michel Foucault and Francois Lyotard. Moreover, the provocative nature of the plays as a part of being representative of in-yer-face theatre is further explained in its historical and socio-cultural context. Such investigation not only brings political issues to the forefront, emphasizing the cultural change and its impact on individual lives but also the change in theatrical concepts of their milieu. Shopping and Fucking investigates the autonomy of the individual, the idea of sacrifice and suffering as a way to come to self-realization, the body as a place of control in authenticating the self and sexual relationships as a site of transaction. Faust is Dead explores the issues such as alienation, the loss of faith in the progress of man, the authenticity of experience, desire and the reconcilability of the phenomenal and noumenal worlds. In the last play, Some Explicit Polaroids examines the hedonism and the capitalist values that the younger generations adopt, contrasted with the values of older generations, the positivist decay experienced by twenty-somethings which is also a part of capitalism, the masculinity crisis, violence and abuse on the body and the transition from disciplined to controlled societies.Also, shopping myth which was found to be encompassing all the plays was inverted by the playwright through transforming the act of shopping from being personal and limited to the objects to be public and including humans and their emotions.
Building female identity within immigrant background in Monica Ali's Brick Lane
This study examines the development of the Bildungsroman literary genre, which can be also described as a literary system and / or literary tradition, and its place in contemporary English literature. Bildungsroman, which reached its traditional form in Victorian English literature, is evaluated in this study through Monica Ali's novel: Brick Lane in terms of the new elements and principles the genre acquired in Modernism and Postmodernism. The focus in the study is on the identity formation of the main character, which is considered to be the central element in the Bildungsroman, and on her personal developmental process according to the Postcolonial context. Brick Lane is exemplary to the Bildungsroman literary genre in contemporary English literature when it is analysed with regard to the personal development of Nazneen, a woman who immigrated from Bangladesh to England. Monica Ali, who is also from Bangladesh and started living in England at an early age, narrates the physical, mental and social development of a woman who was born and raised in Bangladesh and immigrated to the United Kingdom when she married at a young age. In this context, it is possible to evaluate other characters besides Nazneen with their impact on the personal development of Nazneen and within their own personal and social development in respect to culture and identity. From this point of view, Monica Ali's novel Brick Lane is analysed within the context of the development of Bildungsroman literary genre in English literature and with regard to the Postcolonial literary theory on the effect of migration and culture on personality formation.
CLIL technology for the formation of intercultural communicative competency on senior stages of profile school
Nowadays the approaches to learning foreign languages have changed. One of the effective approaches to teaching students a subject in a foreign language in Europe is the so-called Content-Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). It is often used to describe the method of teaching a subject content through a foreign language, the main purpose of which is to study the subject and master language skills in and recommended by the European Commission, as it enables students to study discipline and foreign language simultaneously. Besides, to learn a foreign language does not require additional hours in the curriculum, which contributes to the intensification of professional training in profile school. CLIL is an extraordinary approach to learning foreign languages which allows to solve many problems in the educational process. With proper consideration of all factors, the implementation of Content-Language Integrated Learning methodology allows: to significantly increase student motivation to learn foreign languages, to teach students to consciously and confidently use a foreign language in everyday communication; to broaden the horizons of students' knowledge, understand and respect other cultures and values; to prepare students for continuing education in their chosen specialty; to develop their critical cultural awareness, and to improve linguistic and intercultural communicative competence through the study of a foreign language. Keywords: Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), Intercultural communicative competence (ICC), Critical cultural awareness (CCA), Curriculum, Profile school.
Information and communication technologies in English language teaching (ELT)
Rapid introduction of information processes into various spheres of life require the development of a new model of the education system based on modern information technologies. It is about creating the conditions for revealing the creative potential of a person, developing abilities and educating the need for self-improvement and responsibility. Thus, the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) contributes to the main goals of modernizing education: improving the quality of education, increasing the accessibility of education and ensuring a harmonious development of the individual who is attached to the information and communication capabilities of modern technologies and possessing an information culture. These circumstances determine the relevance of the topic of this thesis research, which consists in the introduction of ICT in order to improve the effectiveness of the educational process and the effectiveness of the quality management system of foreign language (especially: English) teaching. The solution of these aspects determines the theme of research. The scientific innovation of the research is that it reveals didactic properties and methodological functions of the Twitter and Podcast services as one of the modern methods of teaching language, which must be taken into account when developing the methodology for teaching a foreign language on its basis. Keywords: Information-Communication Technology (ICT), WEB 2.0, Twitter, Podcast, English Language Teaching (ELT).
Benefits of film adaptations of literary works for English language learning
Despite the potential to develop speaking skills, the development of strategies to benefit from films has been neglected and very few studies have been conducted. One of these strategies has been to compare film scripts and their translations, to identify chunks, technical terms and creative language examples and to list them with their translations, and to do creative dialogue writing activities especially by modeling these scripts where chunks are used extensively. Believing in the importance of evaluating the film scripts with their translations, this study aims to investigate the processes the researcher/teacher‟s high school students went through in learning and using the target language starting with the use of the film adaptations of the literary works, writing their scripts modeling the film scripts, acting their own scripts and shooting their performances. The mixed method research design was used with the triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative data. As the participants, the 68 high school students‟s views were investigated with Likert scale (1-5) questionnaire and their comments about the question items. This study improved the learners‟ productive language skills in general and their knowledge of chunks, jargons and creative language use in particular. This study was also beneficial for translation skills.This study has also improved the creativity, self-confidence and collaboration. The study also demonstrated that productive use of films in teaching English develops imagination and creativity, the literacies regarding information, media, and innovative technology and leadership through the learning and use of English. Key Words: English language movies/series, learning English, scripts, translation, technology.
Analyzing and comparing Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland within the frame of feminism and vegetarianism
Women have been struggling for equality with men for a long time. They demand to have a right to vote, get education, to be free of social norms. According to the needs of certain periods, feminism, aims to change the fate of women. Women are oppressed and objectified by patriarchy in most societies. Feminist and animal rights advocate Carol J. Adams emphasizes that not only women, but also animals are objectified and killed by patriarchy. Cultural Ecofeminists asserts that the violence against these groups and nature are same and it will continue unless patriarchy stops claiming its superiority. In this regard, some ideologies like ecofeminism, cultural feminism and cultural ecofeminism are analyzed. Writers like Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Mary Shelley are dissatisfied about this violence and long for equality for all beings. In Gilman's novel Herland and Shelley's Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus indicate some features of ecofeminism and cultural feminism. Therefore, this study aims to examine how patriarchy tend to be violent and what these writers want to see in society. Key Words: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Mary Shelley, Carol J. Adams, feminism, ecofeminism, cultural ecofeminism
The Byronic hero as reimagined in E.L. James' novel Fifty Shades of Grey
The aim of this research is the investigation of the concept of the Byronic hero and the discovery of the Neo-Byronic hero in Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy. This paper focuses on representing and showing the characteristics of the Byronic hero from a new perspective of the Neo-Byronic hero, relying on the hypostases that have been conceived from the period Byron created his heroes and maintains to be shaped in history by literary critics until today. Byronic hero prototype is established by Lord Byron in his major works but the literature of posterity continues to be fascinated by this heroic typology, delivering its various hypostases. The most impressive and unexpected reworking of the Byronic hero is to be found in the contemporary trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey. The purpose of this study is to develop the connections between the Byronic hero and E.L. James's hypostasis Christian Grey. The questions that are central to this discourse of the Byronic hero will refer to the ways this character is represented, how much Byronic hero's persona is preserved in fascinating Christian Grey and to investigate in which ways the new Byronic hero departs from its original prototype. Other literary examples of Byronic heroes from the 19th century onwards are highlighted, as well as, present some antecedents of the Byronic hero in contemporary popular culture. Key Words: the Byronic hero, hypostasis, the Neo-Byronic hero, Fifty Shades of Grey
The interplay between racism and feminism: Black feminism and Toni Morrison's 'Paradise'
Toni Morrison's novel Paradise provides a vivid picture of patriarchy and racism. The novel is surrounded with crucial symbols in connection with race and gender. The novel takes place in Ruby near Oklahoma. It is a small town where only black men hold the authority and manipulate the system according to their interests.In terms of identity there is no separate concept for women in the novel. They have to obey all the rules which are expected by men. On the other hand, There is a place which is known as Convent near Ruby. The women who live in Convent trigger the hatred and anger of those men against women in general because they think that they can not control the women as they control their wives. The women in Convent show their identities bravely and freely. Therefore, it menaces the absolute authority of men. The concept of strong women and how merciless men can be If the authority is taken from them, are emphasized with the help of Convent thematically.Actually, from the very beginning to the end, Toni Morrison draws the picture of difficulties women have to deal with. The richness of the novel stems from the thematic elements intimately linked to the language and discourse intertwined with racism and patriarchy. The way she uses the language and the events that take place provide different perspectives on these issues non-chronologically. There is a striking interplay between past and present in connection with inequalities in terms of gender and race. Actually, Morrison tries to show that the underlying reason of segregation is not closely linked to race or gender. The aim of this study is to analyze the thematic elements and their relations to the interplay between racism and feminism known as Black Feminism and as a conclusion how concepts of race and gender are used to hide interests stemming from political and economic reasons are explained in the light of literature review. In the study, as data collection method, the thematic analysis has been used to explain the content according to themes.
The representations of the archetypal Jew in Christopher Marlowe's Jew of Malta and William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice
William Shakespeare is one of the most popular authors, not only in England but worldwide. He was greatly influenced by his contemporary Christopher Marlowe. The similarity is witnessed in their themes, motifs, devices, and plots. During my research, these two writers' works respectively The Merchant of Venice and The Jew of Malta, are first broadly compared in order to explore the various differences and specific embellishment that each author adds and later closely examining their main characters, namely Barabas and Shylock in order to deconstruct the Jewish archetype. The following paper aims to also elaborately examine the archetypes, treatment, status, rights and the connotations revolved around Jews starting from Medieval literature, tracing its metamorphic progress through Renaissance and Victorianism till Modernism. An elaboration on the metamorphoses of the Jewish archetypal characters, previously recognised as stubborn, malicious, villain and hatred by God to the modernist alienated Jew striving to find his authentic identity in a socially constructed environment facing ambiguous personality threat, will also be encountered. Specifically, this paper analyses both authors' artistic recreations and embellishments of the archetype Jew as a satire on anti-Semitism.
Examining David Greig's plays in terms of post-colonialism
Postcolonial studies are one of the areas that have been on the rise since the Second World War. The source of these works is literary and cultural studies. One of the starting point elements of postcolonial studies is the situation of the victims. Rather than being interpreted from the eyes of the West, the events that have taken place are intended to be reflected from the eyes of the countries that have gained independence through the process of decolonization. The countries covered by these studies are usually Third World countries such as Asia and Africa. Although the decolonization processes of newly independent countries have been discussed in these studies, the United States is one of the countries covered in this field. The reason for this is that the end of the colonial period is effective. The postcolonial works also address the spiritual fatigue of nations, racism they are subjected to, the problems of identity, the pressures they are subjected to, the material situation of the people and the discrimination. It contributes to the explanation of all these problems by going to the root. 20. century. in the light of postcolonial studies, which have gained importance since the middle, racism activities started with slavery in American societies connected to internal colonialism, African Americans identity problems and civil rights are acquired through some famous works. One of the names that feature postcolonialism in his works is David Greig. This is clearly seen in works like "Europes, Damascus". Greig, who deals with the philosophical, psychological, literary and sociological situations that colonialism left behind, includes the exploited countries and the people living in these countries with a postcolonial ecocritical perspective.
Wolf in a Sheepskin or a Sheep in a Wolfskin?: A comparative archetypal analysis of the Gothic Doppelgangers of Victorian, Dorian Gray, Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde, and the Invisible Man
This thesis aims to prove the need for a new doppelganger concept and to form the framework of the new doppelganger concept via a comparative archetypal analysis of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray, Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and H.G. Well's The Invisible Man by using Victorian Age's unique features as parameters. In order to use archetypal analysis effectively, the origins and historical progress of collective unconscious and archetypes are investigated thoroughly. This thesis reveals the relation between Victorian Age and Gothic literature, since the literary works of Victorian Age to be analysed belong to Gothic genre, after it provides background information about the origins and historical progress of Doppelganger concept, and a detailed introduction of Victorian Age. The unique qualities of Victorian Age, the monstrosity and society, male dominance and masculinity, and Victorian morality and the pursuit of hedonism are utilised as parameters to analyse the aforementioned Victorian literary works. To sum up, this thesis is an attempt to prove the need of a new Gothic doppelganger concept unique to Victorian Age via a comparative archetypal analysis including the parameters aforementioned, and to form the framework of Victorian Gothic doppelganger concept.
The impact of digital creative writing on academic writing achievement and motivation at tertiary level
Writing skills have always been challenging for teachers and students both in the native and foreign languages. Students worry about starting and organizing their ideas, whereas teachers have trouble motivating their students towards writing skills. When the quality of the written product is not at the desired level, students feel anxious which is one of the biggest problems in the writing process. To overcome challenges and be more beneficial to learners in this process, innovative and promising methods should be integrated into the writing curriculum. It is globally accepted that technology has a significant influence and becomes omnipresent in every process of our lives. As technology advances, it has made an immense breakthrough in communication and the education system. It has provided an opportunity to gain individual experiences of informal language acquisition in a virtual environment and promote learner autonomy that increases learners' motivation and leads them to become lifelong learners. Thus, this experimental study investigates the evaluation of B2 level creative writing ability based upon using web 2.0 tools on a digital platform. The study aims to identify and explore the effect of digital creative writing on English Preparatory School students' writing skills, attitudes, and expectations towards writing. The study took place at a foundation university, the School of Foreign Languages in Turkey. 66 students in the B2 level participated in this research. Two groups that were equivalent to each other were chosen as experimental and control groups. Data were collected through final writing skills quizzes, the adaptation of the Daly-Miller Writing Apprehension Test to Turkish developed by Özbay and Zorbaz (2011), pre-test and post-test, creative writing rubric developed by the researcher. After obtaining data from participants who attended the study, attitudes, expectations, motivation, and writing proficiency were analyzed. The results indicated that digital creative writing not only improved academic writing achievement but also helped increase the writing motivation of the students. Finally, after attaining findings and results, some pedagogical recommendations were given for target groups. Key Words: Creativity, Creative Writing, Educational Technologies, Writing Apprehension
Representation of the anthropocene epoch in Doris Lessing's Mara and Dann: An Adventure and the Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter, Griot and the Snow Dog
The Anthropocene is a major concern in the twenty-first century. It highlights the human interference to nature and clarifies how human beings destroy the living and non-living things and what consequences can generate due to this interference. Doris Lessing, who is passionate about creating an image of the forthcoming disasters because of the intervention of a human, is one of the pioneer authors of the Anthropocene. In her works, Mara and Dann: An Adventure and its sequel The Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter, Griot and The Snow Dog are the representatives of the post-apocalyptic world in the near future. Plots in both novels are set in the distant future and the characters in the novels suffer from the mistakes made by their ancestors. This study aims at demonstrating how the Anthropocene is described through the novels, what effects demonstrate on humanity. Throughout the novels, it is obvious that the author has managed to exhibit us that human beings will continue to suffer from their mistakes until they learn how to control their reactions towards nature.
Anti odipus figür olarak Tristram Shandy
Tristram Shandy is one of the most discussed novels in English language literature since the day it was written. For instance, at the time of its writing; Samuel Johnson, one of the most distinguished names in English literature, was skeptical of this work. He thought that nothing awkard would be permanent. Similarly, contemporary critics of Sterne found his novel to be strange, unusual, and unsuccessful in terms of unconventional narrative techniques. In contrast, Tristram Shandy has still inspired many literary theories, post-modern narrative technique and anti-hero examples, despite more than two centuries since the day it was written. Long before postmodern literary criticism, Sterne problematized the mimetic reality, the myth of integrity, linearity, and the archetype of the hero's journey that the odipal hero completes to reach inheritance, law, and phallus. He has presented a successful parody. Using Don Quixote and other bildungsroman hero parodies, he presented a satirical collage. He glorified the hero's grotesque image of the body, the plane of immanence beyond the self, and the body without organs against the Father's obsession with completeness and perfection. In this context, Tristram Shandy is not disciplined by imperfection, loss, and lack, on the contrary, as a meta-reflexive hero who is aware of his fictional reality, he without hesitation deciphering his fictionality. As a result, Tristram Shandy is a parody, an anti-odipal hero who has been against the concept of hero-subject under the burden of objectification and of guilt and odipal ideals. Keywords: Tristram Shandy, Sterne, Anti-odipal, postmodern literary
Media shaping identity in post-colonial context in Swing Time by Zadie Smith
Dans Zamanı, bir roman olarak, okuyucusunu kullanılan dil vasıtası ile yaşanabilecek her çeşit insani tecrübeyi değerlendirip bunlar üzerine konuşabileceği bir alana davet eder. Bildungsroman içerisinde yer alan en büyük faktör olan Kişilik Gelişim Süreci‟ni, insanlara sömürgecilik sonrası ve postmodern dönem bakış açısıyla ilgili teorilerden faydalanarak çok iyi yansıtır. Zadie Smith‟in ikinci en büyük uğraş odağı olan görecelik kavramı ise roman tarafından okuyucusunun tarafına yansıtılır. Roman gelişme sürecini okuyucusuna öyle bir şekilde sunar ki; okuyucu hiçbirşeyin aslında mutlak betimleme biçimiyle sunulmadığı izlenimine kapılır ve bu da kesinlik sınırlarının genişlemesine sebebiyet verir. Bu nedenden dolayı, karakterlerin bazılarının sahip olduğu Melezlik, Kişilik Bölünmesi ve Taklitçilik gibi kolonileşme sonrası dönemin bakış açısı ve terimlerini kapsayan ortak özellikleri beraberinde onlara belirli bir yere ait olamama hissiyatını da getirir. Bu ait olamayış duygusu sadece karakterlerin kendi ruhsal alemlerinde ve zihinlerinde bir savaş yaşamalarına sebep olmaz, aynı zamanda da okucuya şu soruyu edebi sınırlar çerçevesinde yöneltir: „‟Kim olduğumuza bakıldığında, ya da kim olamayacağımız bize başkaları tarafından söylendiğinde, hatta ve hatta kim olabileceğimizi hayal ettiğimizde, ait olduğumuz yerin yolunu nasıl buluruz?‟‟ Bu soru kendi içerisinde çözümlenebilmesi durumunda, okuyucusuna romanda karakterlerin verdikleri kararları sebeplerini apaçık bir şekilde ortaya çıkartarak, bu kararların onları nereye götürdüğüyle beraber, yaptıkları bu yolculuğun sonunun gerçekte onları ait oldukları yere götürüp götürmediğine de odaklanır. Ve yazar ise bu çalışmayı yine bu karakterlerin bütün bu özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla sunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bildungsroman, Melezlik, Taklitçilik, Zadie Smith, Sömürgecilik Sonrası, Postmodernizm
Hamlet in a Nutshell: McEwan's novel Nutshell as a postmodern rewriting
As a postmodern rewriting of Shakespeare's one of the most essential plays, Nutshell narrates the story of an unborn baby whose parents go through the same tragedy as Hamlet's did. Hamlet has been examined mainly under the light of Freudian studies, regarding the issue of Oedipus Complex which can also be observed in Nutshell. It is fundamental to delve into the relationship between the mother and the protagonist of each of the works to compare them in terms of the complicated feelings and motivations. While doing so, the references to the senses should be surveyed closely since they play a very important role in communication. Because, the lack of the sense of sight would be affecting the connection between the characters and bring a new dimension to the story especially when the protagonist happens to be an unborn baby in Nutshell. Since women characters step forth due to their significance in both works, their conditions ought to be reviewed to comment on how they are represented and treated and whether they are affected by male domination in any way. This paper thus aims to examine all the mentioned concerns under certain subtitles, relating them to Hamlet and Nutshell while spotting the similarities and differences. Key Words: Hamlet, Oedipus Complex, Freud, Nutshell, Postmodernism
The Persephone myth as a reflection of mother-daughter relationship in Louis de Bernierès' novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin
Captain Corelli's Mandolin is among the most famous postmodern novels reconstructing some of the mythemes of the Persephone myth, such as the heroine's descent into the underworld and the heroine's dominance by intelligence. At the centre of this study lies the representation of the characters Pelagia and Drosoula as Persephone and Demeter figure. While the author presents the characters of his novel, he deconstructs the structure of Persephone myth, like the heroine's assertion of intelligence, sovereignty and victory in each attempt and revives the mythemes once more. The aim of this study is to draw attention to Carl Jung's one of most famous concepts: archetype. Another aim is to retell and discuss the Persephone myth in relation to de Bernierès' work. In this respect, one of the significant intentions is to take Demeter and Drosoula as mother archetypes and analyse in relation to myth and novel and discuss the heroine's monomythic journey.
Daniel Defoe'nun Moll Flanders ve Namık Kemal'in İntibah romanlarında günahkar kadın temsilleri
Gender studies emerged in the 1980s and 1990s and gender began to be discussed in greater detail in academia. Gender studies is an interdisciplinary field focusing on women, gender identity, and representations in general. Women who live in patriarchal societies and are exposed to unfair attitudes have begun to think about their identity, purposes in their life, expectations from life, and their status in community. Society determines whether a woman is moral and immoral. This thesis examines fallen women representations, their features and their literary, religious, and historical backgrounds by providing literary and mythological examples. Mahpeyker is a fallen woman character in the novel İntibah which Namık Kemal wrote in 1876 and is one of the first example of Turkish novel that shows how fallen women are viewed by the society. To understand fallen women's point of view, Moll, a fallen woman character in the novel Moll Flanders, which Daniel Defoe wrote in 1722, was examined. This thesis explores how and why a woman is called a fallen or femme fatale by male-oriented societies in literary works.
The myth of Loki revised in the Gospel of Loki and Loki: Where mischief lies
Rewriting myths existed since Renaissance and it is still a popular practice today. Especially in a postmodernist sense, rewriting aims to give voice to the other, to the slighted, marginalised characters. Therefore Loki as the god who is not worshipped and as the villain among the gods who brings apocalypse known as Ragnarok, finds the opportunity to be a hero in the contemporary literature. Also known as the trickster god, Loki possesses the qualities of a universal figure that is the trickster; he plays tricks, he deceives and lies, he brings chaos, however, he gains more human characteristics and moves away from being a primitive character whose only goal is to satisfy his selfish needs. Loki has his own thoughts and feelings expressed in depth and he becomes the hero in a society where binary oppositions and strict categorisation is rejected.
The young adult as a savior in the dystopian novel Divergent by Veronica Roth
In this study, the place and importance of dystopia in young adult literature, which is very popular today, is explained. The purpose and consequences of reflecting children in young adult literature as saviors in this genre of literature were discussed. The reader is given the opportunity to think and question whether the children who are now enslaved by technology can take on the role of saviors in the possibly terrible future that awaits us. In the dystopian fiction, brainwashing, mind control, fear, torture, death and resistance, and the government's pressure and understanding of discipline are explained in detail. The fact that this kind of society causes a trauma on young adults, the hero's journey of self-discovery by establishing connections between the past and the future thanks to the traumatic experiences he also had in his childhood were investigated with Veronica Roth's book Divergent. These themes are discussed by considering the heroic journey of the main heroine Beatrice Prior, who plays the role of savior in the novel Divergent, which is an example of dystopia in young adult literature.
Revising the heroic tandem in Louis de Bernieres' Captain Corelli's Mandolin
This study has a modest and limited aim to describe the flexibility of the heroic concept, images of the heroic tandem and phenomena of masculinity, gender issues and sentiment which are to be found throughout Louis de Bernieres' novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin. Louis de Bernieres' novels are quite complex and notewothy to analyze in relation to myth. Considering the novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin, it can be said that it is a work which handles myth as a medium in order to demonstrate and question psychological dilemmas and human existence in a postmodern world. In the view of fact that Carlo Piero Guercio, Captain Corelli and Pelagia are presented as hero and heroines in the contemporary world. The concept of the gender is also vital aspect in the novel in order to explain the heroism concept in the novel. In this respect the novelist opens various gates in order to re-think myths in an original way. Therefore, he plays with the mythical stories, he deconstructs and then reconstructs them in the way of thinking contemporary understanding of heroism. Accordingly, his main aim is to show how new meanings occur in the eyes of contemporary people. From this point of view, this study displays the importance of heroic tandems and how their relationships are in the past and revised versions of heroic tandems in a postmodern work Captain Corelli's Mandolin.
Narcissistic mother figure in Sons and Lovers By D.H. Lawrence and the Piano teacher by Elfriede Jelinek
This study examines narcissistic mother figures in Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence and The Piano Teacher by Elfriede Jelinek. In this work, a narcissistic parent and a narcissistic individual are described. In addition, the problematic behaviors of narcissistic mothers are outlined in this thesis. Clearly, narcissistic mothers have dysfunctional relationships with their children. Because they believe themselves to be superior and lack empathy. As a result of this belief, it is acknowledged that narcissistic feelings contribute to chaos between adults and children. This research is composed of two chapters and uses the textual analysis methodology. The first chapter discusses narcissism, the narcissistic parent-child relationship, the Oedipus complex, Lacan's concepts of objet petit a and jouissance, the description of a narcissistic mother, and narcissism in literature. The second chapter uses the narcissistic mother figure to compare the novels Sons and Lovers and The Piano Teacher. This study examines the literary reflections of narcissism using terminology pertinent to the concept. In addition, the effects of narcissistic mothers on their children of different genders in literature, the definitions of narcissistic mothers in literary works, and the differences in parental feelings among narcissistic individuals are investigated.
Anthropomorphism in animal rights movement and fiction in the 19th and early 20th century
Elizabeth Phelps and Anna Sewell wanted to give their readers a new perspective by writing about animals, and they were successful. Anna Sewell's Black Beauty is a novel that recounts the autobiographical journey of a horse, the various forms of violence the human race endured during this journey, and the love he received from the human race directly from Beauty's mouth. Sewell chooses a horse as the protagonist because he is a writer who witnessed animal persecution in the 19th century first hand. In addition, the fact that he was injured as a child and his walking ability diminished drew him closer to horses; by providing horse-drawn transportation, she both sympathised with them and wished to convey this sentiment of empathy to children. Today, animal cruelty is no longer limited to individuals and a few animal owners. The scientific community continues to conduct animal experiments from the past. The novel Trixy, A Novel by Elizabeth Phelps is about an illegal lab for animal experiments and experimental animals. Trixy and Caro, the protagonists, are kidnapped and sold as experimental animals. The owner of Caro, Miriam, sues the laboratory and her lover, who works there and whom she wishes to marry. Elizabeth communicates all facets of love to the reader. What must be true of love? The text intersects between animal love, human love, and doctor and professional love. In this love triangle, the reader learns of the struggle of a woman who sacrificed her passion for animal rights. In both works, the authors could transcend their time and influence the present. Even so, illegal animal experiments continue, and animal torture is prevalent in all societies. Unfortunately, existing laws and institutions are insufficient to prevent this persecution.
Intertextual and self-referential elements as narrative strategies in Ian McEwan's fiction
Contemporary English novelist, Ian McEwan's fiction is marked with intertextuality and self-referentiality. This study aims to analyze McEwan's narrative fiction regarding intertextual and self-referential elements, elucidating how they help with the narrative discourse produced by the author. Using the terminologies primarily offered by Gerard Genette, the study draws on allusion, pastiche, and epigraph and explores their relationship with narrative strategies. These elements are, to a great extent, associated with postmodern literature and metafiction. Genette expands the term intertextuality with paratextuality and hypertextuality. It is seen that the author refers to the fictional works under consideration and the previously written other texts, especially in the context of intertextuality. McEwan, as an implied author, stresses reality in three ways. First, he emphasizes reality with the human condition. Second, he stresses discrepancy using parodical and ironical aspects by transforming hypotexts. Third, he questions reality through textuality. The study concludes that McEwan's Atonement and Sweet Tooth incorporate the concepts and elements of intertextuality and self-referentiality, using them as a set of narrative strategies. McEwan is concerned with the interaction between history and fiction and reality and imagination.
The concept of individuality in Scott Westerfeld's Uglies and Lois Lowry's The Giver
This thesis aims to analyze the concept of individuality in terms of achieving the transcendence in two dystopian novels: The Giver by Lois Lowry and Uglies by Scott Westerfeld. The concept of individuality, by its very nature, can exist only with the concept of collectivity. However, this situation also involves a duality. This duality originates from the question of identity. An individual's identity is determined by the principles of the society, therefore s/he struggles to grow a self-identity. Thus, this thesis aims to examine an individual's condition in a social organization. This thesis also aims to examine which role the maturity plays in achieving this transcendence.
The disabled as other in Out of My Mind by Sharon Draper
In his famous book The Order of Things, Michel Foucault explores how the western mind identifies the self and the other in a binary opposition system and examines how relationships between different groups in social structures are affected by those identifications. The disabled people, as one of those differentiated groups, are also influenced by the juxtaposition and forced into otherness in society. In this study, a comprehensive thematological approach to Sharon Draper's latest and bestseller book Out of My Mind is provided. Our research consists of two parts: the first part relies on the critical theory concerning the traditional realist novel and the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin's definition and explanation of the Bildungsroman in order to reveal the thematic perspectives and narrative techniques used by Sharon Draper in her novel; in the second part, the author's way of textualizing and questioning the place of the disabled people in society is discussed through the view of the experience of the protagonist Melody. For this purpose, the concept of "episteme" is introduced, including the new perspectives that Michel Foucault brought to the concept in his work "The Order of Things" (1966), particularly with regard to the theory of "the self and the other". To this, Cripistemology is prompted as a new field of Epistemology, emphasizing the inadequacy of Epistemology to define the disabled. Finally, the thesis discusses the ways in which the contemporary societies marginalise disabled groups and place them into narrow templates as a result of the unconscious bulk of knowledge and for this; Out of My Mind by Sharon Draper provides various examples.