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Life design during emerging adulthood: The role of media on career orientation
Bu tez, medya ve gelişen yetişkinler arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanarak, medyanın gelişen yetişkinlerin kariyer yönelimlerindeki rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, öncelikle kariyer alanını ve medya alanını içeren konuyu tanımlamak amacıyla teorik bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Bu tezde, sosyal inşacı bir bakış açısını benimseyen Kariyer İnşa Teorisi'nin çerçevesinden kariyere yaklaşılmış ve medya kavramsallaştırmasında da postmodern olarak kabul edilen teorilerin izleğinden beslenilmiştir. Buradan hareketle medya ve kariyer arasındaki ilişkinin mevcut literatürde nasıl ele alındığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Literatür taramasından elde edilen veriler ışığında araştırma soruları oluşturulmuş ve araştırma sorularına yanıt aramak için niteliksel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, yüksek düzeyde medya kullanan bir demografik grup olan kariyer gelişiminde önemli bir ilk adımı temsil eden üniversiteye giriş sınavına girmiş gelişen yetişkinler oluşturmaktadır. Evren içinden uygun olabilecek örneklemin seçiminde veri çeşitliliğine ulaşabilmek için Türkiye'nin çeşitli bölge ve şehirlerinde ikamet eden gelişen yetişkinlere ulaşılmıştır ve 20 farklı şehirden 21 gelişen yetişkinle derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tematik analiz sonucunda elde edilen araştırmanın bulgularına göre katılımcılar medyayı yalnızca sosyal medya olarak algılamaya eğilimli olmakla birlikte medyayı hayatlarının gündelik ve sıradan bir parçası olarak görmektedirler. Üniversite ve bölüm tercihlerinde medyanın doğrudan bir etkisinden söz etmenin mümkün görünmemesinin yanı sıra medyanın bu alanda net bir bilgi kaynağı haline gelmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle üniversitelerin prestijli olarak algılanmasında sosyal medyanın oldukça etkili olduğu katılımcılar tarafından belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, geleceğe karşı pozitif bir tutum sergileyen katılımcılar kariyer yönelimlerinde sınırsız bir yönelimden ziyade bir sabit olarak kabul ettikleri doğrudan meslek edinmelerini sağlayan bölümleri tercih etmektedirler. Türkiye genelinde medya ve kariyer ilişkisine dair niteliksel bir araştırma yaparak literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, medya ve gençler arasındaki ilişkinin değişen doğasının sürekli ve yeniden araştırılması gereken bir konu olduğunun altını çizmektedir.
The impact of new technologies on scholarly communication: A case study about education technologies and media
21st century brought a period of change that has started with technology. Change and transformation designated the start of a new period. The Internet and the concepts of new media and social media that emerged based on the Internet have made the masses running lots of their routine and current states through these media. As a result of this change and transformation reflecting on the field of education, the use of technology has increased both in academic studies and scholarly communication processes. The use of technology has emerged in academic processes along with education programs to which technology was adapted, technology-based universities and higher education institutions. Scholarly communication processes have changed with the increase of technology products used by academicians, and they are described as education technology. Database searches and searches on online sources have taken the place of researches on printed publications in libraries. The reading processes have started to occur on computers and tablets. Communication processes have changed by exchanging emails, instant messaging and personal social online accounts. Academic studies are now possible to be done online. Within the scope of the study, how academia underwent change with new media and education technologies and what kind of changes this process created in the processes of the scholars in Turkey communicating with each other and doing joint studies were examined and researched.
Understanding new generation consumers in the Turkish consumption society: Research on shopping practices and buying behaviors of generations X and Y
One of the principal activities, ensuring the functioning of the existing system and its continuity in today's capitalist societies, is consumption. Especially the neo-liberal policies in Turkey, executed in the 1980s, the globalization process and technological developments brought a consumption-oriented social mentality into the forefront, requiring the emergence of a new type of consumer. Affected by these conjectural conditions of Turkey, Generation X was stuck between the old and the new and became the first consumers of the Turkish consumption culture. The following generation, Generation Y, on the other hand, started to exist as consumers in a time, when digital breakthroughs were witnessed in the society and consumption manifested itself in all areas of life. These changes have deeply influenced the shopping practices of Generations X and Y, also called the new generation consumers, as well as their buying behaviors. In this framework, this study attempts to reveal the similar and different approaches of Generations X and Y regarding this topic, by evaluating the offline/online shopping practices and buying behaviors of both generations, from the perspective of the consumption society. Performed with this objective in mind, the scope of this study included the elaboration of relevant concepts through an academic literature review and the usage of in-depth interviews and questionnaires, in order to investigate said matter in Turkey, which yielded comprehensive data. In this context, an important finding is Generation Y's preference to shop online more than Generation X and with hedonic values in mind, while they do so. Key words: Consumer Society, Consumer Behavior, Generation X, Generation Y, New Generation Consumer, Online Shopping, Offline Shopping
A critical view of the relations of art capital, public sphere and art initiatives in Turkey
The present study discusses the concept of the public sphere in relation to the field of contemporary art. It presents a critical perspective on how the idea of a symbolic public sphere, art capital and the organization of the art scene in Turkey are related. It focuses on various understandings of the public sphere concept, forms of contemporary art organizations and ownership relations, after exploring the global neoliberal policies after 1980s and their effects on arts in terms of privatisation processes. It investigates local legislation that set out the framework for the art field and its actors; and discusses if these historic and current developments contribute to the expansion of a symbolic public sphere. The study aims to adapt the fundamental questions of the critical political economy of communication to the field of contemporary art in Turkey. Its main objective is to uncover how the changes in the forces of control over cultural production and distribution limit or liberate the public sphere and its diversity, multivocality and plurality in representation. While theoretically, the study dwells on this wide platform, its basic object of research is the relatively small-scale, independent art initiatives in Turkey which represent an area of academic research that is not yet fully explored, especially not from the crtical political economy approach.
Yazılı kültür'ün yeni medya bağlamında kuşaklar arası kullanımı üzerine bir inceleme
Yeni medya ve teknolojileriyle birlikte, internet kullanımının hızla gelişim göstermesi, sosyal ağlar ve teknolojik cihazlar vasıtasıyla iletişimde değişime yol açmıştır. Yazılı iletişimde (mesajlaşma) kullanılan kısaltmalar ve görsel ifadelerin tümünün kullanımı, yazı dilini etkileyerek, yazılı kültürü değişime uğratmaktadır. Bu yeni iletişim şekli içerisinde değişimin ne derece ve hangi boyutta olduğunu ortaya koymak açısından X, Y ve Z kuşağı bireylerinin yeni medya teknolojilerini ve yazı dilini kullanımları, bu tez çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Tez kapsamında anket araştırmasında, yazılı kültür'ün yeni medya bağlamında kuşaklararası kullanımı üzerine bir inceleme yapılarak ortaya çıkan verilerin sonuçları ortaya konulmuş, tartışılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.
Analysis of critical discourse of child magazine which are produced between 1980-2012
This study aims at finding answers to questions like howe the prominent ideologies along with the neoliberal policies were reflected on children's magazines published between the years of 1980-2012 and what were the concepts and ideologies on which the childhood phenomenon wanted to be built in this period. Revaling the dominant ideology that was transferred via children's magazines gives information regarding what kind of a childhood was designed in this period and has importance with regard tounderstanding political, economic and cultural changes that Turkey underwent.
Political poster designs and social change in Turkey since 1960: The case of DISK
The design, which is defined as a human talent, points to the history of civilization. The design shaped in the capitalist economic system depending on today's relations of pro-duction also determines economic and social systems. While environmental factors shape human awareness in itself, the design of the messages produced for this purpose can also be carried out in many different ways. In this study, poster designs, which are one of the study areas reflecting the social change processes observed in the economic and social plane, are investigated and the investigation of discourses produced in the trade union struggle is aimed. Trade unions are non-governmental organizations that protect workers' labor democratically and economically and carry their rights struggle to an organized basis. Trade unions in Turkey have undergone radical changes in political and economic aspects from the 1960s to the present day. These changes can also be ob-served through the political visual design products produced by these organized struc-tures. Poster designs are visual design products that include ideological structures in maintaining, spreading and providing continuity of ideologies such as marketing, in-forming, persuasion, orientation and they directly affect the society. The aim of the dis-cussion on the May 1 posters produced by the trade unions is to create a critical per-spective on the design of posters and to determine in academic background. In line with this aim, the aim of the study is to adopt poster designs as an ideological structure like every field where design activity continues. DİSK's May 1 posters constituted the sam-ple of the study in consideration of post-1960 political and social change in Turkey. With the examination of the posters, it is aimed to understand how the working-class struggle in the context of trade union struggle in Turkey has undergone a process of change in theoretical and practical fields. In determining the research universe, it was observed that DİSK was active in all periods of social and class movements in Turkey that started to rise after 1960. May 1 posters produced by DİSK after 1976, which were discussed in the sample, were examined together with social semiotics and semiotic analysis.
Bestseller system production and consumption of novel in the context of the culture industry: "Case study of Orhan Pamuk"
The approaches of content analysis and reception aesthetics, which examine popular literature in the context of work and readers, overlook the industrial and cultural system that has created them. Our research analyzes the functioning of the culture industry called "Bestseller System" which is formed by the commercial publishing and the media industry. In this framework, our research theoretically examines the Fordist and Post-Fordist production and consumption types as well as popular culture and consumerism. In our research, popular culture critiques of Critical Theory, Cultural Studies, Liberal Criticism and Postmodernist Criticism were evaluated and "consumerism", which is the main dynamics of popular culture, was discussed. Development of commercial publishing in the United Kingdom, France, and Turkey, and the author's struggle for "autonomy" against the commercial publishing in the transition stage from theoretical stage to the practical stage were examined. In our study, while it was tried to determine the general characteristics of the "Bestseller System", "forms of visibility", which make literary fame become a phenomenon, have been set forth with an analytical approach. While the forms of visibility were examined under the titles of mediatic, social, virtual, symbolic, objective, and numerical, the capitals that the author has obtained in the fields of visibility have been interpreted in the context of Bourdieu's "capital theories" and the related literature. In the case study section of our research, the fame making of today's bestselling novelist Orhan Pamuk has been examined within the framework of "Bestseller System" in order to test our hypotheses with the information from the field. Our research aims to contribute to the other culture industry fields such as TV, cinema, and music with its revised Critical Theory approach in general terms.
Cinsiyet kimliği ayrımcılığı ve ana akım medyada görünmezlik: Transgender ölümleri (İntiharları/cinayetleri)
Heteronormativite, ataerkil toplumların en büyük problemlerinden biridir. Doğal, verili zannedilen bu kurgu ve cinsiyet rejimi yaşamın tüm alanlarını şekillendirmektedir. Buradan hareketle özellikle transgender ('T') bireyler cinsiyet kimliği ayrımcılığı ve ölümlerle (cinayet, intihar) karşı karşıyadır. Medya da cinsiyet rejimini doğallaştırıp yeniden üretirken, norm dışı addedilen bedenleri ve cinsiyet kimliklerini dışa atan ideolojik bir aygıt görevi görmektedir. Bu bağlamda şu sorulara cevap aranmıştır: 1-'T' bireyler ve 'T' bireylere dair ölümler egemen ideoloji ile nasıl kuruluyor, devletin ideolojik aygıtı (DİA) olan medyadan (yazılı basından) nasıl aktarılıyor? 2-'T' bireyler toplumsal yaşamda nasıl konumlanıyorlar, politik olarak kendilerini nasıl inşa ediyorlar, bu inşa gündelik yaşamlarını nasıl etkiliyor, hak ihlalleri dahilinde yaşamı nasıl deneyimliyorlar? Sorulara cevap bulabilmek için üçgenleme metodolojisi ekseninde eleştirel söylem analizi, çevrimiçi gözlemcilik ve görüşme olmak üzere üç farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak medya gibi diğer DİA'ların ve devletin baskı aygıtlarının (DBA) 'T' bireylerin yaşamında olumsuz tezahüre sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Ana akım gazetelerde yer alan ölüm haberlerinde 'T'nin önemsizleştirildiğinin ve bu haberlerin kamuoyundaki olumsuz algıları pekiştirecek yönde söylemsel inşa ile sunulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zira ölümlerin geneli bireysel meseleler gibi verilmiş, politik bağlamından koparılmış ve cinsiyet kimliği ayrımcılığını yeniden üreterek okuyucuya servis edilmiştir.
Tebaadan ulusa erken dönem sinema tarihi: 1896-1943 arası bir tarihselleştirme önerisi
Bu çalışma, tarih, ulus devlet ve erken dönem Türk sineması tarihi arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılmasına odaklanmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluş sürecindeki ulus devlet politikaları, tarih ve tarih yazım süreçleriyle birlikte ele alınmış, erken dönem sinema tarihi de bu bağlamda tartışmaya açılmıştır. Çalışmada tarihsel araştırma tekniklerinden yararlanılmış, arşiv belgelerine ve birincil kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Erken dönem Türk sineması tarih yazımı çalışmalarının içeriklerinin yanı sıra sinemanın, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşu sırasındaki sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi rolü değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, erken dönem Türk sinema tarihi çalışması ile sinemada tarih yazımı ve arşiv çalışmalarına da ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.
The process of advertization of the news photographs as a tool for the reproduction of ideology in the period of post-truth
Today, news photography is not only a way to transmit news but also qualified as a powerful ideological device that has the power to change the perspective of the masses. Through mass media, the dominant ideology is reproduced, fictionalized and legitimized. By digitalization, globalization and the ideology of consumption, these tools are intertwined and ideologically support and transform each other. Accordingly, it can be determined that the language of advertising dominates all forms before it. News photograph manages cultural, verbal and visual codes and is pure communication. The visual design of the advertisement is remarkable, decisive and persuasive. News photography and advertising photography are designed on the same software and meet for the same ideological purposes. It can be said that news photography has become widespread by using the post-truth period, which has lost its evidence and fact, in the form of fiction and false news. There is no difference between propaganda (PR) and persuasion (advertising) methods, their strength has been merged, the boundaries of news photography and advertising have blurred. In this context, it is possible to say that news photography has been segmented within the scope of market ideology and has become a product with a different target audience. News photography became a part of the design that uses the same methods as advertising in the same channels with digitalization. In this thesis, the elements of advertization were questioned through news samples and the element of advertization in news photos was investigated with an economic-political approach by using a hybrid research method. As a result of the research and discussions, it was observed that the news photography was coded in the context of form and content and was advertised.
A research on the effect of Instagram's Z-generation consumer behavior
Social changes in society only emerge by studying generations. Every generation living in societies differs according to the regions they live in. In studies conducted on five generations, it was observed that each generation has different characteristics and behaviors. In the light of the developments in technology, the generations lived in harmony with the technological tools within the time frame they were in and benefited from the opportunities provided by the technology. Generations have been in intensive communication with each other, especially with the development of mass media. Mass media, which are generally called media, have become an indispensable part of the society. Media has an impact on individuals in ensuring and organizing the social order. The new media, which emerged with the development of the Internet, enables socialization of individuals living in the society through social media tools and enables individuals to communicate with each other instantly. Social media tools, which cause the concept of time and space to disappear, play an important role in changing the characteristics and behaviors of the generations, as well as their influence on the purchasing behavior of generations. Too much use of social media today has led producers to focus on these social networks and the perception of consumption has reached a different dimension with these social media tools. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Instagram, the social media application with the most users, on the purchasing behavior of individuals in the Z generation. Key words: Mass media, Social media, New media, Generations, Instagram, consumption, purchase behavior
The impact of online communication networks on scientific research and innovation: A case study on creative class and online communication networks in Turkey
There have been changes observed within economy, production methods and the class phenomenon on a global scale through the momentum that has been created by ICT in the last 40 years. Countries that are able to quickly adopt to the change process, form their production, investments and that carry value of the locomotif in it`s own work force have achieved to be pioneer players of the New Economy. Within this developing and changing approach, the emerging countries that could not be able to capture the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated their efforts in order to cope with the new era. Information and Communication Technology literacy, skilled work force and the right investments are among characteristics of this period nominated as Informationalism Age by Manuel Castells (Castells, 2000). This study investigates the profile of Creative Class (Florida, 2002), which is supposed to use the Information and Communication Technologies effectively. The sample is chosen from Istanbul and the empirical study includes the effects of Online Communication Networks on innovation and creativity, a fact unresearched by Florida. Key Words: Information Society, Informationalism, Creative Class, Online Communication Networks, Innovation
Steampunk: Reinventing identity of the future-past
The main goal of this dissertation is to provide thematic structural analysis of Steampunk subculture and its manifestations in mass media. The phenomenon is approached as a complex multi-layered retrofuturistic chronotope positioned within the framework of post-postmodern sociocultural paradigm. The research is not only important as a study of the subculture itself, but also as an analytical framework for further inquiry into post-postmodern phenomena. Triangulation methodology, thematic discourse analysis and textual analysis methods are applied. Steampunk is investigated as a subculture, a literary genre and aesthetics expressed through mass media. The question of historical development of Steampunk resulted in establishment of its "waves" classification. Exposition of post-postmodernism and chronotope in relation to Steampunk follows an overview of relevant modern and postmodern subcultural theories. Consequent chapters explore ideology, products and problematics of the subculture, its literature and presence in contemporary media. Besides providing Steampunk with systematized place within sociocultural and historical contexts and identifying its essential elements, the dissertation elucidates how Steampunk acts as a reflection of post-postmodern society, being one of its facets: an escapist carnivalesque chronotope and a synthetic material-virtual space where participants are engaging in creative interactive revision of past, present and future reality. Keywords: Steampunk, Subculture, post-postmodernism, paradigmatic shift, new media
Store brands role in creating customer loyalty around the uses and gratifications theory framework within the retail brand communication process
Mass media have great effect to reach main consumption target of human beings. The tremendous number of retail points are the signs of the consumption. The communication that retailers establish with the consumers and the store brands as the outcome of this communication are the main research topics of this dissertation. This research in which "brand" is considered as a communication mean, the impact generated by the gratifications of the store brands is analyzed around the framework of the uses and the gratifications theory on the loyalty behavior. Structural equation modelling is used for the statistical analysis. Survey study conducted in Istanbul with 601 participants who do store brand shopping in the four chain stores operating in Istanbul (BİM, Migros, Carrefour, ŞOK).Focus groups are performed with a total of 25 people in 5 homogeneous groups. In the research model, the impact of the 5 dimensions of the gratifications scale attained from the use of the store brands are validated. Store brands in-store communications, promotions, inserts, advertisements and word of mouth communication channels have impact on the loyalty behavior. As for the loyalty behavior, hypotheses on the both store and store brand preferences on loyalty behavior are accepted. Consequently, through gratifications store brand preferences effects loyalty behavior. Self-actualization, which is one of the sub scales of gratifications is modeled as an feedback of this communication and this result is open to research and discussion. Key words: Brand communications, brand loyalty, the uses and the gratifications theory, store brands
Popüler kültür ürünü olan karikatürde toplumsal cinsiyet imgelerinin anlamlandırılma pratikleri: Örnek vaka Bayan Yanı karikatür dergisi
There is a significant relationship between culture and ideology. Ruling ideologies attempt to create its own culture. On the contrary popular culture recreates itself, and determines its own idea system. The meaning of popular culture is tried to be trivialized. In fact popular culture has an important role on the process of representation of individuals'. Popular culture has been one of the important subjects of feminist studies over the years. Among the many functions of humor, it has the features of both criticism and saying the unsaid in a different way. For women who have been seeking rights and struggling to be heard for centuries, humor has been a field where women can make their voices heard and say what they want to say. The caricature / humor magazine Bayan Yan , which is prepared by women caricaturists and humorists and mainly focuses on women, has opened a different field for both women caricaturists and women humor readers in the field of caricatures, which is dominated by men not only in Turkey but also in the world. In this context, it is aimed to examine the representation of the women images in the caricature, under the title of anamorphic representation, as a concept that includes the missing, distorted, incorrect and different representations of women and all performative genders in the caricature, which is a product of popular culture. Within the scope of the research, 121 cover caricatures of the magazine published between 2011-2022 were examined. Explanatory sequential mixed research method, which includes content analysis, discourse analysis, visual analysis and indepth interview analysis, was used as a research method. Despite the fact that the caricature magazine Bayan Yan created a field of resistance to women, it is among the important findings that the magazine reproduced and reinforced the dominant heterosexual discourse. Key words: Feminism, postmodern feminism, popular culture, feminism and popular culture, humor, caricature
The effects of stereotypes which are imposed through media on the creativity of children during the early puberty: The concept of goodness and badness
The aim of this thesis is to understand how much children in early puberty get affected by the stereotypes that are presented through media. Also, it aims to elaborate how much these children manage to get out of these stereotypical patterns in situations that require them to use their own creativity. To understand how much they can cross the stereotypical borders as they think during a creative process, students are asked to illustrate goodness and badness in human forms in focus group sessions held in different types of schools located in Istanbul and Mardin. The illustrations are then statistically analyzed via categorical analysis method to understand at what level they choose to recreate angel and demon stereotypes. They are also analyzed via semiological analysis method in order not to exclude some valuable qualitative data. In conclusion, this study shows that students are aware of the iconological qualities of these stereotypes, and they mostly choose to recreate these stereotypes they see in media, in their own unique illustrations. It is also noted that the student's perceptions of goodness and badness symbols are not influenced, neither with respect to cities they live in, nor the school types they attend, at any statistically significant level.
Geleneksel ve internet gazeteciliğinde emeğin dönüşümü
Doğumu daha çok köyden kente göç dalgasının başladığı Sanayi Devrimi'ne dayandırılan gazetecilik, insanların daha örgütlü bir dünyayı anlamalarına yardımcı olmuştur. İnsanların bu yeni ortamı anlamalarında yardımcı olan gazetecilerin ortaya koyduğu emek ise süreç içerisinde değişmiştir. 2'nci dünya savaşının ardından televizyonların, 1990'larda ise kablosuz internet gazetecilerin ortaya çıkması emeğin değişiminde başat rol oynamıştır. Emek sürecinde yaşanan bu dalgalanmaları anlamamızda özellikle İtalyan Neo Marksistler Negri, Tziana Terranova gibi kuramcılar yardımcı oldu. Zaman içerisinde emeğin nasıl bir görünmez hal aldığını bu kuramcılar üzerinden anlatmaya ve anlamaya çalıştım. Elbette diğer önemli bir nokta ise akıllı telefona sahip bir yurttaşın potansiyel bir gazeteci adayı olması bu mesleği icra eden muhabirlerin, redaktörlerin sınırlarını zorlar hale gelmiştir. Bu değişimi ve dönüşümü Christian Fuchs, Manuel Castells, Vincent Mosco'nun içlerinde olduğu güruhun ifade ettiği dijital emek, Üretketici kavramıyla değerlendirmeye çalıştık. Geleneksel ve Yeni Medyada yaptığımız bu literatür taramasının yanında sahada aktif olarak görev alan muhabir ve editörlerle yaptığımız görüşmelerle tam olarak ne yaşandığını, neler olacağına dair çıkarımlarda bulunduk. Anahtar Kelimeler: Emek, Dijital Emek, Gazete, İnternet Gazetesi