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Yoga subculture in Istanbul; body, belonging, identity
The goal of this research is to evaluate if there is a yoga subculture in İstanbul within the yoga studio that have been researched. In addition to this, to understand how the process of subculture is formed, and to understand where the concepts of body, belonging/identity take place in accordance with subculture approaches. The data is collected through the combination of semi-structured in-depth interviews and participant observation tecniques by using ethnographic method. Twelve in-depth interviews have been performed from three branches of the yoga studio, and it is involved in many yoga sessions and yoga small talks. The findings show that there is a yoga subculture in İstanbul. The concepts; body, belonging/identity have significant roles in shaping the yoga subculture. According to research data yoga subculture begins with the meanings attributed to yoga, and grows with the socialization processes of the individuals. Yoga appears as a turning point, a tool for inner journey, a runaway, and a social place for individuals. Body appears as a way of expression and a cultural element that individuals can transform and build. Through their body individuals develop awareness, and compose belonging to the community they are in. The findings and observations of the research shows that common sharings and communications of the individuals with each other begin with body perception. Yoga is the place where individuals create social space, and improve their identity. Key words: Yoga, subculture, body, identity, belonging, awareness, change
İstanbul'da Çerkes kimliği
Bu çalışma İstanbul?da yaşamakta olan Çerkeslerin kimliklerini, kendilerini nasıl tanımladıklarını, hatıralarında yaşattıkları Çerkes Olmaklığı/Çerkes Kimliği?ni ?şimdi?de nasıl ifade ettiklerini anlamaya çalışmayı, gelenek ve değerlerindeki değişim ve dönüşüme Çerkeslerin kendi ifade ediş biçimleriyle tanıklık etmeyi; ?öteki? kavramları üzerinden eskiyi anlatırken bundan sonrası için nasıl bir umudu, beklentiyi ya da ihtimali seslendirdiklerini yansıtmayı hedefliyor. Geçmişten bugüne kimliklerini tanımlamadaki farklılıkları, modernizm, postmodernizm bağlamında gelenek ve değerlerindeki değişim ve dönüşümleri, sosyal ve siyasi duruş ve beklentilerini anlamaya çalışarak yansıtmayı amaçlıyor. Ayrıca Çerkes olmanın sosyal, toplumsal anlamlarını ve zaman içindeki değişimlerini Habze ve Çerkes dernekleri özelinde tarihsel bir bakışla ifade etmeye çalışıyor.Kasım 2010-Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasındaki süreçte gerçekleşen çalışmada sözlü tarih yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anne tarafından Çerkes olan bir araştırmacının yürüttüğü bu çalışmada Çerkes Kimliği, melez olmak, yarı-Çerkes veya yarı-Türk olmak, ?ben? ve ?öteki? kavramları üzerinden irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çerkes olmanın araştırmadan önce, araştırma sırasında ve tez yazım aşamasında ne gibi anlamlar ifade ettiği anlatılmaya çalışılırken bu durumun ortaya çıkardığı geçişken süreçler ve zeminler de dile getirilmiştir. Çerkes kimliği ve değerlerindeki değişim ve dönüşümlerin bağlı olduğu sosyo-politik zeminler de ayrıca yer almaktadır.
Hiphopistan: Representing locality in a global city
ABSTRACT?Hip-hop and rap cannot be viewed simply as an expression of African American culture; it has become avehicle for global youth affiliations and a tool for reworking local identity all over the world. Even as auniversally recognized popular musical idiom, rap continues to provoke attention to local specificities. Rapand hip-hop outside the USA reveal the workings of popular music as a culture industry driven as much bylocal artists and their fans as by the demands of global capitalism and U.S. cultural domination?(Tony Mitchell: 2001: 1).HIPHOPISTAN is a documentary film that examines the impact of hip-hop culture onIstanbul youth and reveals how young Turkish rappers, DJs, break-dancers, and graffitiartists creatively blend popular influences with their local cultural values and traditions. Ina world that is becoming increasingly exposed to global media, much has been debated asto whether or not societies and individuals can adopt influences from music, television,cinema, internet, fashion, etcâ¦in a positive and constructive way without losing their owncultural identities and heritage. The dichotomy terms of ?East? and ?West? haveunfortunately regularly coincided with ?tradition? and ?modernity? and ?local? and?global? making it seem as though they are polarized opposites. While providing aglimpse into the lives of innovative youth in a predominantly Muslim and rapidlyglobalizing city, HIPHOPISTAN presents examples of how globalization can provideopportunities for creative changes rather than simply erasing local culture. Creative artistsprovide solutions that allow tradition and change to peacefully co-exist. By displayinghow communities are created through the use of lyrics, beats, rhymes, dance, and graffitiart, HIPHOPISTAN emphasizes how the universality of music and expression blurs allcultural, ethnic, religious, and linguistic boundaries and barriers and thus raises awarenessof the many similarities of youth culture worldwide.
Factors affecting acquisition of German citisenship of Turks living in Germany
ABSTRACT This thesis aims to research the reasons for and the process of acquisition of German citizenship by Turks living in Germany. Within the framework of the convention made between Turkey and Germany in 1961, Turkish citizens started going to Germany as "guest workers" in large numbers due to the lack of labour force in Germany. Migration from Turkey to Germany has passed through various phases and consequently formed a population of 2.5 million Turkish people in the country. Both the individuals forming this group and also the German society are aware that this migration is at a point of no return. At the beginning of the 1980s, German politicians aimed to reach the desired integration level of foreigners living in Germany, into the German society by providing easier access to German citizenship. As it got easier to acquire German citizenship with the advantages of the changing laws provided at the beginning of the 1990s, Turks living in this country started to apply for the acquisition of German citizenship. In order to find an answer to the question "factors which influence decision of Turks living in Germany for acquisition of German citizenship and to make research preparations, I went to Germany in November 2003. After that I realized my field study between July 01, and September 22, 2004, especially in areas where there is a considerable Turkish population (Berlin, Hannover, Köln, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and München). I have conducted interviews with 134 people who posses the requirements that the German laws demand for the acquisition of German citizenship. At the same time I collected data through participant observation in various venues of the social life of Turks living in Germany, such as at home, marketplaces, Turkish coffeehouses, mosques and at football matches. This way I was able to observe Turkish citizens' approaches to the issue of acquisition of the German citizenship. I was mostly hosted by Turkish families, yet occasionally stayed at hotels during this time while I conducted interviews. A further research was made to find out the reasons why in some cases German citizenship has been acquired and in some others why it has not been. People who posses the right conditions that the German laws requires for the acquisition of German citizenship, were interviewed. xvuIt has been found that the reasons declared by Turks living in Germany, for acquiring German citizenship are mainly as fallows:. Freedom of travel with German Passport and its strong image. Intention of staying permanently in Germany and having no intentions for retailing to Turkey. Desire for integration with German society. Assuming acquisition of German citizenship as a counter-measure against discrimination and enhance feelings of equality vis-a-vis Germans. Need / requirement of profession On the other hand, the reasons of Turks living in Germany, but not acquiring German citizenship are mainly:. Not finding it necessary, finding sufficient to hold residence and work permits. Emotional reasons like loyalty to Turkey, patriotism and nationalism. The high costs of fees for the application procedures xvm