19th century caravans in Turkestan

The study titled "Caravans in Turkestan in the 19th Century" examines the conflicts of interest between Tsarist Russia and Britain in the 19th century through the caravans traveling to the region. Russia's aim to reach India posed a threat to Britain's colonies in India, which led Britain and Russia to focus on Turkestan. However, despite the Turkestan Khanates' weak military power, the region's natural barriers prevented Russia and Britain from advancing. Therefore, many travelers and spies were sent to the region via caravans to explore the defense system based on natural barriers. During the caravan journeys, these spies determined the routes of Turkestan, investigated water sources, distances and supply possibilities. The information gathered facilitated Russia's invasion of Turkestan. In this study, the role of caravans in Britain and Russia's exploration of Turkestan is discussed. Travelers encountered serious difficulties in Turkestan. The difficult geography of the region, the extreme variability of the climate and looting activities prevented the travelers from moving forward. In this context, the study focuses on the physical and psychological difficulties experienced by the travelers during their journey. The information provided by the travelers about caravans clarified the formation, management, organization, security and role of caravans in trade.