The agriculture in the Ottoman State during 19th century

19th century was the century of grand revisions of all governmental affairs thatOttoman State implemented including the agricultural affairs. In this century, somekinds of crucial reforms were carried out as a solution to the degenerated land system ofthe Ottoman State.In 1858, legalization of the land law aimed to regulate the land system ofOttoman State, which appeared to be dispersed. As a result of this law, it becamepossible to own personal landscape, in other words private property right was legalsince 1858. Moreover, with regulation in the land law in 1867, foreigners were ensuredto be able to possess land on the Ottoman State territory.Foundation of Agricultural Ministry has a special importance in 19th centuryottoman agriculture. There were no special organizations or governmental institutionsabout the administration of agriculture before the foundation of Agricultural Ministry.This indicates the importance of agricultural ministry for the Ottoman State. However,because of the economic conditions and not sufficient infrastructures, this crucialattempt was not get the desired success. Nevertheless, institutions related withagriculture were go on up to the collapse of the state, under the control of otherministries.Ottoman State agricultural affairs during the 19th century, in order to follow thescientific developments in agriculture and apply the improvements in the Ottomanterritories, schools of agriculture were established. Halkalı Agricultural School, BursaAgricultural School, Ankara Çoban School and Forest and Mine School are theestablishments proposing to apply the latest scientific improvements to Ottomanagriculture.In addition to giving particular importance to the agricultural problems so as toregain the economical growth of the state, 19th century is the century of the intenseinnovation actions in agriculture. Some of the innovations are putting the methods ofencouragement activities into practice, founding of Ziraat Bank as credit supplier agentfor the farmers and participating to the international exhibitions.