Tayyib el-Baharkî'nin (Ö. 1444/2023) İslam hukuku alanındaki çalışmaları ve değerlendirilmesi

This thesis aims to study and analyze the jurisprudential efforts of Sheikh Tayyib Al-Bahraki (d. 2023 AD), one of the most prominent contemporary scholars in northern Iraq. Al-Bahraki distinguished himself among his peers, achieving renown during a time marked by significant political, economic, scientific, and security upheavals, all of which shaped his education and scholarly development. Excelling in various sciences and arts, he authored numerous works, leaving behind a rich jurisprudential legacy that includes three notable books: «The Arguments of the Righteous in Some Issues from the Branches of Religion», «Guidance of the Converts in Clarifying Some Issues from the Branches of Religion», and «The congregation elegant Jewels in Some Delicate Legal Issues». To explore Al-Bahraki's contributions, the researcher employed a historical descriptive approach to trace the sheik's life, biography, and scholarly achievements, alongside an inductive analytical approach to examine his contributions to Islamic jurisprudence, his choices, and his jurisprudential preferences. One of the study's most prominent findings is that Sheikh Al-Bahraki's motivations for writing were driven by the emergence of uninformed fatwas, new forms of contemporary transactions, and the need to respond to extremist groups advocating for the excommunication and condemnation of others. Al-Bahraki also addressed those who questioned or challenged Islamic rulings. He followed the Shafi'i school in his jurisprudential choices and issued contemporary fatwas, such as the inadmissibility of prayer on chairs except in cases of extreme necessity, the prohibition of using the electronic call to worship in the presence of a muezzin, the permissibility of home prayers when legitimate reasons prevent mosque attendance, and the declaration of (prayers during travel) in times of epidemics, as exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, he ruled that taking real estate advances from banks constitutes usury. These and other fatwas underscore his extensive knowledge and scholarly rigor. Keywords: Jurisprudence, Sheikh Tayyib Al-Bahraki, Islamic Law, Shafi'i School, Fatwas, Contemporary Islamic Issues