The effects of irrigation, different harvesting times and drying methods on the yield, fatty acids and sugar composition of almonds grown under Adiyaman conditions

This study was carried out in two different almond orchards in Adıyaman's Kâhta county in 2019. In the experiments, were used 6-year-old Ferragnes and Ferraduel cultivars, which were planted at 5x5m intervals. Irrigation, harvesting and drying applications of each cultivar were carried out on 64 trees in total, with 4 replications, 1 tree per repeat. The blooming period and fruit ripening occurred earlier in almond trees cultivated under non-irrigated conditions, and the Ferraduel later harvested than the Ferragnes. The highest fruit weight of 7.24 g was obtained from the application (FDSLGUER), which the Ferraduel almond cultivar was dried in the sun under irrigated conditions and early harvested (FDSLGUER). The highest kernel almond weight was obtained from the early harvested and sun-dried applications (FDSLGUER) of the Ferraduel cultivar grown in irrigated conditions with 1.60 g, and (FRSSGOER) fruits of the Ferragnes, which were dried and the early harvested in the shade under non-irrigated conditions. Two different almond cultivars were found to be statistically significant (p <0.05) the effects on the biochemical properties which different irrigation conditions, early and late harvested and dried in the sun and shade. The highest total oil content was obtained from the sun-dried and late-harvested (FDSSGUGE) fruits of the Ferraduel cultivar, grown in non-irrigated conditions with 44.88%, and the sun-dried and late-harvested (FRSLGUGE) fruits of the Ferragnes cultivar, grown in irrigared conditions with 44.68%. In general, the total oil content of the fruits of trees grown under irrigated conditions was found to be higher than other applications. One of the monounsaturated fats, while oleic acid was found the highest in which Ferraduel cultivar was grown in non-irrigated conditions, the late harvested and shade dried (FDSSGOGE), and Ferragnes was the highest found that the non-irrigated conditions, late harvested and sun dried (FRSSGUGE) applications (75,31 and 75,21 respectively). In the study, the amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are unsaturated fatty acids, were obtained at a high rate. In addition, arachidic, alpha linolenic, stearic, palmitic and myristic oil acids were also obtained. Fatty acid contents of the kernels of almond cultivars obtained in applications are GC / FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector), and sugar content was determined by using HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) techniques. Additionally, total phenol contents in kernels were determined by using spectrophotomertic method.