Detetmination of the effects of Aguilaria agallocha plant exscrat on the exspression og apoptotic marker genes in canser cell lines

Cancer is a widespread health issue globally, posing a threat to many lives with potentially fatal consequences. This has led to the development of new treatment methods, including the use of medicinal plants, which have become a significant area of research. A. agallocha, a plant from the Thymelaeaceae family, is commonly found in various regions of Asia and has been traditionally used in treating various ailments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of extracts obtained from A. agallocha on MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines through in vitro analysis. The hypothesis of this thesis is that the A. agallocha extract will exhibit cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on these cell lines mediated by apoptosis-related genes such as Bax, p53, and Bcl-2. The study utilized MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with appropriate sample sizes. Cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, while apoptotic activity was evaluated using the dual staining method, and Real-Time PCR was employed for gene expression analysis. The results revealed that the highest cytotoxic effect on the HepG2 cell line was observed at 1000 µg/ml of hexane extract, while the lowest effect was seen at 250 µg/ml. In the MCF-7 cell line, the best activity was observed at 250 µg/ml of hexane extract, with the lowest cytotoxic effect observed at 500 µg/ml of acetone extract. Examination of apoptotic/necrotic activity showed that the methanol extract induced more necrosis and partial apoptosis in HepG2 cells, whereas it resulted in a higher apoptotic cell appearance in MCF-7 cells compared to the positive control group. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that A. agallocha extract not only exhibits cytotoxic effects but also affects mechanisms associated with apoptosis and apoptotic genes. These findings support the evaluation of the plant as a potential agent in cancer treatment and provide guidance for future research endeavors