Fault analysis and protection for smart grid networks

The modern infrastructures of grids are designed extremely dependent with each other. Hence a fault or any other event occurs in any location can effect a huge part of system rapidly and this drawback may cause more damage on the grid. In order to solve this problem disadvantages of grids which becomes inadequate should be eliminated and impoved grid solutions should be implemented. With the purpose of detecting probable faults and creating rapid solutions a reliable communication system is needed. The communication system should operate in a reliable and efficient way so as to maximize productivity, reliability and efficiency of the system. As a result of integrating communication which is one of the most important sub topic of smart grids to power systems desired reliable grids will come out. One of the most important advantage of smart grids comes out at the time of fault events.It will be possible to prevent expansion of fault to large areas of grid with the usage of short response timed systems. The intended results will be obtained by fast protection and remote control systems. There are several options for ensuring permanence of energy and not to leave consumers without energy after the location of fault is detected. After disconnecting fault location from grid by using breakers, the consumers which are not feeded will be powered by another sources in the grid. In order to effectuate that traditional grids have to be equipped by necesarry communication and protection tools and upgreaded to smart grids. In concept of this thesis study, it's aimed to simulate a system that ensures permanence of energy for consumers during a short circuit or overcurrent event. It's aimed to simulate system that contains a generator and wind turbine and test it for related fault conditions. Optimization of relay coordination system is made with the help of obtained test results. The thesis study is realized with the help of following methods: • A three phase ring grid model and IEEE 13 node test system which includes a wind turbine and a generator are modeled and simulated. The grid models include ohmic-inductive loads and capacitors in order to model consumers. • Relay and breaker models are used for realizing protection in existing system. Related breaker and relay models are controlled by function blocks and control blocks communicate with grid instantly. • Wind turbine, generator and consumers which are part of the grid are combined with control system that includes short circuit and overcurrent protection systems in order to optimize operating conditions.