Turkestan Khanates in the 19th century according to German researcher Gregor von Helmersen (Translation-analysis)

The Khanates of Khiva, Bukhara, Kokand and Cungar were the states that left an important mark in the history of Turkestan in the 16th-19th Operation. They gave direction to the political history of Turkestan, they created their order in the economic field. Like many states in the history of Turkestan, they were born, grew and collapsed. Ultimately, they took their place in the history of Turkestan with great importance. In this thesis we have done, we aimed to shed light to Turkish people and other ethnic communities who lived and still living in the geography of Turkestan, such as their 19th century's lifestyles, traditions, commercial life, and the architecture of their cities, by German-born researcher Gregor von Helmersen's, various sources and by Making use of the materials collected by the Commission Chairman Grigoriy Fedorovç Gens. This study has benefited greatly from the works they have written as a result of their long-term research. Apart from the works used as primary sources, existing studies brought to today's literature were also used in order to be able to compare and evaluate them.