The motif of goodness and wickeness in the Anatolian tales

The tales, which are the carrier of the collective consciousness, have continued their existence by symbolizing the traditional from the past to the present. Tales reflect the deep traces of the Turkish cultural tradition, give advice to people with the language of symbols and express loyalty to social norms. When evaluated from this point of view, it contains various meanings symbolically and gives direction to human life. Symbols are expressed with different entities and they are tried to be made visible through these entities. Animals, humans, miracle-workers/helper elders, supernatural/supernatural beings, objects/objects and words have an important place in the fight against the evil forces and beings in the tales. All kinds of beings, objects and words that help the heroes to realize their shadow sides and move away from these sides and complete their individuation processes by getting rid of unconscious elements work for the good of the heroes and drive away the bad and evil. Tales, which consist of the integration of real life and imagined life, and help shape the present by providing the connection between the past and the present, while making use of the expressive power of symbols; It tries to express the moods of the heroes, their struggles with evil, and their achievements in the path of initiation through animals, people, miracle-workers/helper-elders, supernatural/supernatural beings, objects/objects and words. These stages are supported by a helper/guide/supreme individual or beings/spaces that are the reflection of the supreme mother/supreme mother. While the animals, people, objects/objects and words in the tales are sometimes the greatest helpers and supporters of the heroes with their guide/guiding qualities, sometimes they are the biggest obstacle in front of the heroes to make progress as obstructive/destructive/bully forces. The hero emerges victorious at the end of this struggle to the extent that he can cope with the difficulties/oppositions. Goodness is glorified in tales that result in a well-deserved victory. Those who do good are rewarded in the best way, while those who do evil are punished the most. The role of tales in transferring value is also quite high, as instructive, showing the truth, and taking lessons from the stories are at the forefront in tales. Preserving social values and transferring them to future generations is one of the main tasks of the tale. Value judgments are moral principles and beliefs accepted by most of a society. Values are important tools for making sense of socio-cultural elements. Value judgments such as truthfulness, honesty, not lying, not betraying trusts, listening to elders, doing good to those in need of help, not harming nature, which have an important place in social life and are reflected in fairy tales, are tried to be brought to individuals who make up the society through fairy tales. The value judgments that are tried to be transferred to individuals have the purpose of educating people. Tales have many messages in terms of values education. Integrity, honesty, lies as ethical messages; family, manager as sociological messages; not despair as psychological messages, patience and determination, hope and luck, goodness and evil, right and wrong, intelligence and attention, neighborliness, friendship, respect and love, forgiveness and kindness, generosity, being able to share without succumbing to their ambitions; economic messages are made visible in fairy tales as the power of money and economic solidarity. In addition to all these, there is a loving approach to people and nature. People should act by being conscious of their duties and responsibilities.