The iconography of the knot motif in Anatolian Zeljuk ornamentation

This study analyzes the knot motif found in architectural and minor art objects from the Anatolian Seljuk period through an iconographic perspective. It aims to investigate the figurative origins of these motifs and to reveal their symbolic and iconographic connection particularly with the dragon figure. The purpose, symbolic meanings, and origins of the motif are examined within the framework of the Sky God belief, mythological elements, and the combination of the knot with the dragon figure. Using a qualitative iconographic analysis method, the study evaluates the formal and semantic aspects of knot motifs across various artworks, including architectural ornaments, tombstones, and manuscripts. The findings suggest that the knot motif is not merely a decorative geometric pattern but also a figurative element bearing talismanic and cosmological meanings. The motifs, interpreted as stylized forms of the curved structure formed by the dragon's body, show parallels with symbols from early Turkish mythology and belief systems. It is observed that the motif, although transformed into stylized forms following the adoption of Islam, became widespread during the Beyliks period and continued to a limited extent in the Ottoman era. In this context, the knot motif holds a significant place in the history of art as one of the universal symbols. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the symbolic meanings of patterns commonly referred to in the literature as zencirek or interlace motifs as deriving from the dragon figure. In this respect, the thesis contributes to a reinterpretation of figurative iconography in Anatolian Seljuk art. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the knot motif was used not only for ornamentation but also as a symbol embodying meanings such as protection, healing, abundance, and continuity.