An analysis of Turkish soft power politics in Central Asia during Ak Party era (2002-2023)

When the history of international relations is examined, states have perceived the use of hard force, which includes military elements and the use of force, as almost the only instrument to achieve a certain purpose. Today, where technology, information and globalization are developing rapidly, the perception of power in the international system has also changed. The importance of soft power, which takes its source from a country's culture, political values and foreign policy, has increased especially after the Cold War. Soft power refers to a nation's ability to influence others through attraction, persuasion, and non-coercive means. Türkiye, with its rich historical and cultural heritage, geographic location, and contemporary achievements, has established itself as a significant player in the realm of soft power. This study, which was prepared to understand the role of soft power and soft power tools using in Turkish foreign policy and the use, place and importance of soft power in Central Asia, aims to reveal Türkiye's potential, fields of activity and practices in this field. In this context, this thesis aims to address the following questions: How has the AK Party's tenure influenced Türkiye's soft power initiatives and effectiveness in Central Asia? How do the activities of state-supported institutions reflect Türkiye's increased emphasis on soft power in Central Asia during the AK Party era? This thesis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. As a method, qualitative and descriptive study of the Turkish Soft Power Politics towards the newly independent Central Asian Republics were used. For this purpose, newspapers and internet-based news sources, especially books and articles written in this field, were also consulted. As the hypothesis of the study, Türkiye's use of soft power in Central Asia is more effective between 2002-2023. The result is that after the Central Asian Republics gained their independence in 1991, soft power came to the fore in Türkiye's regional policies. Türkiye has followed soft power strategies in Central Asia, especially in the fields of education, culture, social economy, religion and foreign policy. Türkiye's soft power influence is a result of its rich history, cultural heritage, economic growth, and various diplomatic efforts. By leveraging its cultural assets, cuisine, economic strength, and humanitarian initiatives, Türkiye effectively engages with the global community, building connections and enhancing its global standing. In an increasingly interconnected world, Turkish soft power serves as a means of fostering understanding, building relationships, and contributing positively to global dynamics.