The effect of 25 (OH) d3 and zn levels on growth rate in the first year of life in the mother's last trimester serum and baby cord serum

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D and zinc, is thought to be vital for growth and both pass from mother to baby, on growth of baby and focus is to be on the deficiencies of these two during antenatal period. During this study, the importance and necessity of vitamin D and zinc supplementation during pregnancy by investigating the effect of vitamin D and zinc on growth from mother to infant. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven mothers and their babies hospitalized for delivery at Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in November 2017 were included in the study. The study was conducted with a total of 52 patients in accordance with the exclusion criteria. Blood samples were obtained from the mothers before cesarean section and cord blood samples were obtained from the babies after birth. After 1 year growth follow-up, 25 (OH) vitamin D (25 (OH) VitD), zinc, TSH, fT4 levels were studied from maternal and cord sera. Postnatal height, body weight and head circumference of the baby were recorded. In order to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and zinc levels and growth; height, body weight and head circumference follow-ups were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of follow-up. 1-2. Month, 2-3. Month, 3-6. Month, 6-9. Month 9-12. Month height, body weight and head circumference were calculated. In addition, birth, 12th month height, body weight, head circumference differences were calculated. Height, body weight, head circumference differences were also divided into 12 and monthly growth rate was calculated. The duration of breastfeeding of the baby, breast milk intake in the first 6 months, transition to supplementary food, whether or not to continue breastmilk after additional food were also recorded. Results: 24 (46.2%) Of the 52 infants included in the study were female. Increases in height, body weight, head circumference according to the previous measurement were evaluated according to maternal vitamin D and cord vitamin D levels at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th postnatal months. There was a statistically significant difference in height increases in the ninth month increase in mothers and babies whose cord serum vitamin D level was missing compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. While the increase in height was 5 cm ± SS in babies of mothers who had deficient vitamin D level in the 9th month height increase, the height increase in babies of mothers with sufficient vitamin D level was 3.5 cm ± SS (p: 0,013). In the 9th month height increase of the babies with deficient vitamin D levels, the increase in height of the babies with the missing vitamin D level was 5 cm ± SS, while the increase in the height of the babies with sufficient vitamin D level was 3 cm ± SS (p = 0.049). There was no significant relationship between maternal and cord zinc levels and growth increases in the first year of life. Conclusion: Although there is no significant effect of vitamin D on growth in antenatal period, the babies of mothers with deficient vitamin D grow better than the babies of mothers with sufficient vitamin D level at 9 months. Longer-term follow-up and larger study groups are needed to determine the importance of encouraging the use of both zinc and vitamin D in pregnant women and to show their effect on anthropometric measurements of the baby at birth and in advanced life. Key words: Vitamin D, Zinc, Growth Rate, Short Stature