External data model design and implementation for land registration and cadastre transactions of land administration

Although several scientific activities have been conducted in order to create a standard framework within Land Administration (LA), such studies were limited in many aspects (i.e., prevalence, scope, content etc.) due to dissimilar characteristics of Land Administrations in the world. Spatial data modelling studies to create a common standard framework in terms of basic similar characteristics of Land Administration systems were uttered for the first time by Van Oosterom and Lemmen in real terms in 2002. Mentioned as the Core Cadastral Model in the beginning, these studies have been conducted jointly with International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) in the later periods under the name of Land Administration Domain Model (LADM'). One of the fundamental objectives of LADM is to contribute to the progress of LAs in an effective and sustainable framework based on the proposed model by preventing the repetition of the studies with similar contents. Another fundamental objective is to ensure that those, who work for the formation, development and dissemination of LA in similar or different countries, make use of the common framework, suggested by the model. Thanks to these scientific studies that pioneer LADM, it was accepted as an international standard in 2012 and named as ISO 19152. As well as identification of cadastral object, LADM proposes an abstract and conceptual model that designates the relation between the people and their immovable properties through proprietary rights (property rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It is targeted that the model framework of LADM is simple as far as possible. However, it is pointed out that the design must be in conformity with the other data infrastructures, which are likely to be related. There are also some categories (e.g., BluePrint) in the model that point out the necessity for providing some data (i.e., Personal information, Land cover, Taxation and Valuation etc.) from external data sources. LADM, which is globally accepted, has recently started to be adopted in our country as well. Within this context, several scientific studies have been made which review the application of LADM to the framework of land administration in our country in terms of basic and external categories. In this study, conducted in consideration of such development with LADM, it was aimed to model the external documents and information (e.g., Deed of Trust, Legacy document, Real Estate Value statement) from outsourced organizations (i.e., Governorship, Notary Public, Municipality etc.), which are required for the realization of any and all operations on the immovable properties that are registered in land registry and cadastre system under the responsibility of General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC) through the data set in a system as well as testing such model with an application. Accordingly, all outsourced organizations, which have a role in land registry and cadastre operations, and the documents and information provided by these organizations were initially analyzed. Following such analysis, external data models, associated with LADM, were designed based on the content of the organization and documents. Afterwards, an application was performed in order to test whether the designed models are applicable in reality or not. Municipality was selected for the application and two different interfaces were designed in Visual Studio 2013 in consideration of the content of the documents provided by the institution (i.e., committee decision, land use conversion letter, occupancy permit, certificate of real estate value statement). In the first interface (i.e., interface for document recording monitor) it was ensured to enter data for the respective documents and transfer such information to a MS SQL Server based database. In the second interface (i.e., web service interface), it was ensured that GDLRC could access the information regarding these documents in the database of the Municipality through the use of web service. With these applications, it was observed out that designed external data model is applicable. After all, it was found out that external data model, which was developed in association with LADM, contributed to the following fields: (1) Management of external data within GDLRC obtained a standard framework. (2) The periods to complete the operations were shorter since an online control operation is performed through web service instead of controlling gropingly through the document, (3) Property right was preserved by preventing forgery of official documents. (4) There is no paper wastage as digital document control is performed instead of manual document control. In order to get full efficiency from external data model, developed for land registry and cadastre operations, it is essential to include all other organizations just as Municipality. It is further required to create legal basis and technological infrastructure so that transfer of information from other organizations to GDLRC has a legal framework.