Asymmetric effect of real exchange rate on the trade balances of Turkish manufacturing, mining and agriculture

The objective of this research is to find the effects of real exchange rate on the trade balances of Turkish manufacturing, mining and agriculture sectors, and the sum of these 3 sectors. The study investigates short-term and long-term effects of real exchange rate on these trade balances using linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag methods (ARDL and NARDL methods) based on quarterly data for 2002-2018 period (17 years x 4 periods= 68 quarterly basis data for each sector). According to findings, the real exchange rate has no short-run effect in any of trade balances in linear case. It has significant short-run effect only on trade balances for manufacturing and agriculture in non-linear case. As for long-run effect, in linear case it has significant effect only on manufacturing trade balance and overall trade balance. In non-linear case, the real exchange rate has significant long-run effect on all four trade balances. Based on the findings, in manufacturing and agriculture sectors, j-curve effect is also observed.