Comparision and evaluation of accidents in european union and Turkey land transport modes during the accesion process to the european union

The transport sector is an important area of activity throughout history that plays an active role in the development and revitalization of countries' social, economic and cultural activities. The main sectors of the transportation sector are the road transport sector, the rail transport sector, the air transport sector and the maritime transport sector. In these four sectors, transportation and transportation needs of different qualities are taken with different conditions and possibilities. It is desirable that the transport system to be selected for passengers and for freight transport should be economical, safe, fast, least damaging to the environment and suitable for the country conditions. Each mode of transportation has its own superior sides and weaker sides than the others. Each mode of transportation is affected by different physical conditions, environmental and natural conditions. For this reason, each mode of transport has risks at different levels. Maritime transport is usually preferred for transporting high tonnage loads over long distances overseas. Road and rail freight and passenger transportation are in competition with each other in and around the cities which has railway and highway infrastructures but not coastal. In short-distance passenger transportation, road and rail can be alternatives to each other. Thanks to high-speed trains and developing technologies, railway passenger transport can compete with airline passenger transport at short and medium distances. In our country and European Union railway and highway sectors are important places for freight and passenger transport. This thesis work in Turkey's accession process to the European Union, has given a summary of information about the European Union and Turkey's transport policies. In the road transport sector and the rail transport sector, comparative evaluations were carried out in terms of safety of life and loss of life. Our country in the process of accession to the European Union, road and rail transport sector to determine statistically the current situation, in terms of life and property losses compared to the European Union and Turkey's land transport statistics were investigated. The data for the countries of the European Union are provided by the European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). Statistical data related to road and rail transport of Turkey have been provided by Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI), the General Directorate of Highways, especially (KGM), the Republic of Turkey State Railways (TCDD), the Security General Directorate (EGM). In order to make a comparison with high accuracy, data is classified and comparable data sets are created. This data is made up of 28 countries covering the entire European Union (EU) countries. These are the first 15 countries that make up the European Union, and 13 countries that later join the European Union. Turkey's transport statistics for the same year as to cover the equivalent data analysis were evaluated according to calculations and evaluations. In terms of road and rail passenger and freight transport, the European Union (EU) and Turkey (TR) comparisons and evaluations were made between statistical calculation methods on number of deaths and accidents causing damage data. The whole of the EU countries (EU-28), the first 15 countries that make up the Union (EU-15), later joined by 13 countries (EU-13) and Turkey (TR) 's; passenger-km and ton-km statistics of population, road and railway accidents, which resulted in deaths and loss of lives, passenger-km and ton-km statistics were investigated and 11 years statistical data for 2005 and 2015 were obtained. These statistics are given in a format suitable for statistical calculations and comparison criteria, they are made into individual charts and they are calculated and presented as charts and graphical representations. For comparison purposes, the comparison criteria for each region and comparative data are as follows: (%) values of yearly changes, yearly data values, change rates between the last two years and first and last years, annual values of 11-year turnover, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, EU-28 and TR values. , the rates of change in the proportional values between the last two years and the first and last years are calculated separately as the correlation values of the arithmetic average, standard deviation, EU-28 and TR values of the annual proportional values of the 11-year turnover. The results obtained were compared between the EU as a whole and its sub-regions and the TR. The EU and TR were compared in the relevant years. Also within about a similar situation in terms of population and surface area to see its position in TR's accession process and leading in unity, Germany (DE), France (FR) and Italy (IT) and Turkey (TR) between the comparisons are made. To find our of Turkey's process ad situation about road accidents and related casualties between 1980 and 2008 period, calculations and evaluations were made. These calculations, comparisons and evaluations, road and rail sectors were also carried out among themselves to determine the consequences for losses. The road and rail sectors of EU and TR have been evaluated separately in terms of loss of life. First, mortal accidents and deaths that occurred on the highway were discussed. The proportion of injured accidents to the population of the European Union (EU-28) was calculated as 2,357, 2,591 in EU-15, 1,481 in EU-13 and 1,762 in TR. Looking at these rates, which are calculated according to the population, it is seen that the rate of accidents in our country is lower than EU-28 countries and EU-15 countries. The proportion of deaths to population in the whole of the European Union (EU-28) was 68,149 per million, when deaths from road-induced accidents were proportionate to the population. In the EU-15 countries this value is 58,105 per million; in the EU-13 countries 105,552 per million and 57,068 per million in the TR. When we look at these ratios calculated on the basis of the population, it is seen that the rate of accidents in our country is better than the sum of EU-28 countries. However, death statistics in the TR were not included in the one month period after the accident. It may be more realistic to make a comparison by increasing the number of dead before 2015 by 85-100%, with the reason that after 2015 the same statistics as the EU are created. When assessed with this approach, the country values are similar to the EU-13 regional proportions, but about twice as large as the EU-28 and EU-15 ratios. This time the EU and TR's road and rail sectors accounted for 2.857 percent in the EU-28, 2,216 percent in the EU-15, 7.033 percent in the EU-13, TR is 3,445 (6,890 *) percent. When evaluated by this ratio, it can be said that our country is about the same or partially better with the EU-13 region. When the loss of lives due to road accidents is compared with the passenger-km values, which is a more realistic comparison criterion, it is calculated as 18,37 (36,74 *) in the TR and 6,50 in the EU-28. Taking this criterion into consideration, the risk of road transport in the TR appears to be 3 (6 *) times higher. Similar calculations and deliberations were made in the railway sector and their numerical values are presented in the thesis. When the submitted rates are considered, the ratio of the number of accidents to the population is, in turn, 6.55 million for EU-28, 3.59 for EU-15, 15.71 for EU-13, Calculated as 3.66 in the TR. The population ratios of death losses in the railways are estimated to be 0.12 in the EU-28, 0.09 in the EU-15, 0.02 in the EU-13, 0.26 in the EU and 0,06. Accident counts for these accidents were calculated as 1.88% for EU-28, 2.60% for EU-15, 1.52% for EU-13 and 1.41% for TR. When the values calculated according to these criteria are examined, it can be said that the rates of accidents and loss of lives on railway journeys in Ülkemiz are quite good compared to EU countries. Again, it is seen that the loss of lives due to railway accidents are in the ratio of billionaires (0,14, 0,10, 0,50, TR 0,77), respectively, when compared with passenger-km values, which is a more realistic comparison criterion. Taking this criterion into consideration, the risk of railway passenger transport in our country is 5.5 times more than the EU-28 countries. The comparison of road and railway risk as a transportation sector, when considering death / passenger-km ratios as well as other criteria, is 6,50 for billion TL for the EU-28, 18,37 for the TR and 0,14 for the EU- It is seen that the ratio is 0,77 per billion. When these ratios are evaluated, it can be said that railway journeys are 46 times more safe in EU-28 countries and 24 times more in TR than road trips. Death / population ratios calculated according to the data of our country and Germany, France, Italy road and railway are also shown in the thesis. It has been shown that the proportions of these countries and our country are examined and that the road rates are similar and the rail rates do not vary greatly. Through this study, our country has made numerical determinations in the process of accession to the European Union in the field of land and railway transportation and tried to contribute to the idea of deficiencies, inadequacies and necessary things to be done.