The main factors causing differences in I'râb in Bâkûlî'swork Keşfü'l-müşki̇lât

The Qur'an was revealed in Arabic, so its understanding is dependent on the knowledge of Arabic and its grammatical rules. In the books of Ulum al-Qur'an (Sciences of the Qur'an), one of the key fields of knowledge that a mufassir (interpreter of the Qur'an) must be familiar with is Arabic, including its grammar and rhetoric. Since the early periods, works explaining the Qur'an from a linguistic perspective have been written. Bâkûlî's Keşfü'l-Müşkilât is one of these works written for this purpose. In this book, Bâkûlî explains the verses from the perspectives of morphology (sarf) and rhetoric (belağat), but primarily addresses the i'râb and tafsir of verses with different i'raab (grammatical) possibilities and difficult verses. Our study consists of an introduction and two chapters. In the introduction, the subject, purpose, importance, method, and sources of our study are discussed. In the first chapter, the definition, historical development, and some of the works related to the science of i'raab in the Qur'an are introduced. The second chapter identifies the main factors causing i'raab variation in the Qur'an and explains their effect on meaning differences through examples. Although Bâkûlî's Keşfü'l-Müşkilât is the primary source for our research, a comparison is also made with other tafsir sources.