Determination of combining ability and agricultural charasteristics of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) hybrids

This research was carried out to determine the parent and hybrids that will form the appropriate starting (basic) population to develop new forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with high seed and forage yields and to investigate the genetic structure in the F2 generation of the hybrid populations. For this, 4 female (Debrecen3, Sel 3-25, USA5 ve Vesela) and 5 male (Ardahan, Gap Pembesi, Kirazlı, Milwa ve USA1) pea parents were used and crossed according to the Line x Tester analysis method. All plants were grown in experimental fields of the Agricultural Application and Research Center of Agriculture Faculty, Bursa Uludağ University during the 2016-2018 vegetation period. Mean values, general and specific combinig ability, heterosis and heterrobeltiosis values related to all characteristics of parents and F1 generations were determined in first year. Generally, the mean values of the hybrids were higher than the mean values of the parents for all characteristics. The Sel3-25, Ardahan, Gap Pembesi, Kirazlı, Vesela and USA1 parents had significant general combining ability for seed and straw yield. Debrecen3xUSA1,Sel3-25xGap Pembesi, Sel3-25xKirazlı, Sel3-25xUSA1, USA5xArdahan, USA5xGap Pembesi, USA5xMilwa and VeselaxKirazlı hybrids showed significant specific combining ability and hybrid prformance for seed and straw yield. The F2 populatıons of these hybrids and their parents were sown in the secondy year and frequency distribution and the minimum and maximum values of the investigated traits were determined. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, biological yield, straw yield, harvest index, seed yield and 1000-seed weight were varied between 5-190 cm, 2-299 number, 1-9 number, 4-1196 number, 3,00-317,50 g/plant, 1,50-166,00 g/plant, %1,45-94,29, 0,50-151,50 g/plant and 27,78-307,69 g in hybrids, respectively. In conclusion, Debrecen3xUSA1, Sel3-25xGap Pembesi, Sel3-25xKirazlı, Sel3-25xUSA1, USA5xArdahan, USA5xGap Pembesi, USA5xMilwa and VeselaxKirazlı hybrids might be considered as promising hybrids for seed and forage yield. On the other hand, Sel3-25, Ardahan, Gap Pembesi, Kirazlı, Vesela and USA1 parents can be used as a good parent in hybridization studies.