Analyzing the causes increasing the level of violence in white code cases: An example of Pamukkale University Hospital

Violence, which threatens people's physical and mental health in all areas of life, may occur in workplaces. Health institutions that operate to provide health services are also areas where workplace violence happens. According to data from the International Labour Organization, 25% of workplace violence incidents occur in the healthcare sector, highlighting the high risk faced by healthcare workers. This study, which aims to provide policy recommendations for minimizing violence directed at healthcare workers exposed to verbal or physical violence, targets to examine the reasons that increase the level of violence in code white cases. In this study, which creates a data set from white code forms containing information about violence incidents that took place at Pamukkale University Hospital between 2013 and 2023, the dependent variable is classified by verbal and physical violence. The independent variables in the study consist of information on the location of the incidents, the time, and information about the healthcare worker exposed to violence and the suspect who committed violence. The reasons for the increase in violence level are examined with the Bayesyen Multilevel logit analysis. In this way, the reasons that cause any violent incident turn into physical violence are occured by monitoring the incidents varying in different groups in a multi-level manner. The study revealed that 75% of doctors were exposed to verbal violence, while 75% of security personnel faced physical violence during the observed period. These findings underscore the urgent need to bolster strategies for preventing violence in the healthcare sector.