Experimental investigation of solar heat gain factor in buildings and the effects of surface temperatures on transparent and opaque surface design

In this study, the basis of a method for establishing a new data-base alternative to the solar radiation values given in TS 825 Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings and ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals is developed by using the real time measured solar radiation on building?s horizontal and vertical surfaces which will be used in building energy simulations, sizing of air-conditioning equipments and solar energy applications is presented.The purpose of this study is to determine the accurate solar radiation data which has a major influence on building simulations and sizing and determining the capacity of the equipment used in solar energy system design.Solar radiation on the horizontal, four main and four intermediate directions on the surfaces of a building prototype consisting of an octagonal plan with a single pane is measured with pyranometers and recorded with a datalogger. Based on the obtained values of the total solar radiation, direct, diffuse and reflected components were calculated by using numerical relations.By using the measured and calculated solar radiation data, hourly SHGF values of 343 day between 27th July 2010 and 4th July 2011 were calculated with a computer program written in MATLAB and monthly average values were obtained. For the detection of the accuracy of the measured solar radiation values, the amount of hourly solar radiation of the days during the measurement period of solar radiation were calculated by using numerical methods and running a computer program written in MATLAB.As a result, the measured, calculated solar radiation and the values given in TS 825 Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings Standard Appendix-C were compared. Monthly average hourly SHGF values of horizontal, main and intermediate directions were discussed and presented in graphics. In addition the SHGF values given for the 40o North latitude by ASHRAE compared and evaluated with the calculated values belong to the measurement period for Elazığ. Finally the thermal behavior of the building facades under the influence of solar radiation were observed hourly for the 1st, 11th and 21st days of each month and presented in graphs and tables.