Bioactivity test and cell studies of bioceramics produced from Clinocardium ciliatum and Turritella terebra

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are used in field of drug delivery and bone regeneration due to their high biocompability behaviours. Hydroxyapatite was examined since it is dispersed in a organic matrix of composite structure of bone. Hydroxyapatite and TCP have the ability to accelarate bone growth around the implant. Highly porous TCP exhibits excellent behaviour as bone implant since it dissolves after replaced by bone. Natural bioceramics can be obtained from different sources such as bone and sea shells. Most of marine structures contains calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite) and they can be easily converted to bioceramic material. In this study calcium phosphate nanoceramics obtained via mechanochemical method using the sea shell Clinocardium ciliatum and sea snail Turritella Terebra as a calcium source. The characteristics of the calcium phosphate ceramics that produced from two different sources were studied in two different sintering temperature: 1000 °C and 1200 °C. The characterization of the produced materials were carried out via FT-IR, SEM, BET, XRD analysis. Biodegradability test in TRIS fluid and bioactivity tests were performed for the produced materials. Fast hydroxyapatite formation occurred when the materials were immersed in simulated body fluid and proliferation of cells in cytotoxicity test was registered. As a result, hydroxyapatite, β-TCP and α-TCP were produced and their biodegradability and bioactivity behaviors were determined.