Optimum energy management for battery swappi̇ng station havi̇ng a solar energy system

Environmental pollution occurs due to global warming, fossil fuel use and increased carbon emissions, which have an effect in the world. As countries meet their energy needs from fossil resources, carbon emissions have increased and air pollution has occurred, which adversely affects the health of all people. In order to mitigate all negative impacts, countries have conventionally agreed on the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources; They are clean resources, consist of inexhaustible resources, that is, resources that can be produced by reusing existing resources, and also sustainable energy resources. The negative contribution to the environment is also low since the carbon emission during their production is quite low compared to fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas. With the depletion of fossil energy resources day by day, the importance of renewable energy sources is increasing. The vehicles that use gasoline / diesel fuel are the ones that emit the most carbon dioxide. With the increase in the world population and the increase in the level of welfare, people started to travel in private vehicles as well as public transportation vehicles. As a result, the number of vehicles participating in traffic is increasing day by day. Greenhouse gas emission is directly proportional with the increasing number of vehicles. At this point, the use of electric vehicles is very important. Electric vehicles (EV) are ecologically environmentally friendly, as they emit almost negligible carbon. In addition, since they can be recharged with renewable energy sources, they are cheaper than fossil fuel vehicles and are easy to access. European countries are doing many studies to popularize the use of electric vehicles. Prohibitions to be taken against the use of any vehicle other than electric vehicles after 2030 are within the scope of these studies. Therefore, it is important to meet the charging load of electric vehicles in the service sector. This charging load requirement will be met from the battery exchange stations. Battery swap stations (BSSs) are especially important for electric vehicles in the service sector. Electric vehicle drivers will not be able to charge their vehicles during heavy traffic. Because the charging time of an electric vehicle takes up to 2 hours depending on the power of the charging station. This is a disadvantage especially for electric vehicle drivers in the service sector. The time they wait for their vehicles to be charged is a waste of time and will negatively affect their daily earnings. In this case, it is more reasonable to change the battery rather than wait for the electric vehicles to be charged. A battery change takes 7.5 minutes. Therefore, battery exchange stations are very advantageous. In this thesis study, an optimization model has been proposed to make the most appropriate battery replacement at a battery exchange station, when it is not possible to charge electric vehicles, which are likely to become widespread in the service sector in the near future. In this model, a PV system was created using a simulation program. The daily sunshine duration and production power of each month were analyzed. The electrical energy obtained from the PV system was used both for the sale to the grid and for the charging load of the electric vehicle batteries. A scenario with different situations was created to optimally charge the batteries. The model created in this scenario is solved through a program used in the best optimum solving using the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method. Additionally, in this study, the battery charge rate SoC (State of charge) and arrival times to the station were determined for each EA coming to the BSS, and optimum charge management was created with various scenarios. In the battery exchange station designed as a result of this study, it is aimed to minimize the electrical energy cost by using the solar energy system and to prevent any loss in terms of both material and time for EVs in the service sector. Considering that all vehicles will turn into electric vehicles in the near future, the importance of battery swapping stations will also increase. Key Words:Electric vehicle (EV), battery swap station (BSS), photovoltaic (PV) system, mixed integer linear programming (MILP), optimization.