Production and characterization of bismuth-doped leadfree organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocomposite solar cells

In this thesis, in order to reduce the harm caused by lead-containing perovskite solar cells to nature, characterization processes were produced by producing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with reduced bismuth content. Perovskite solar cells is produced to be FTO / c-TiO2 / m-TiO2 / Perovskite / HTM / Au configuration. Spin coating method has been applied to the all layers except the organic part of the perovskite layer and the opposite electrode layer in solar cell production. The dipping method was used for the production of the organic part of the perovskite layer and the thermal evaporation technique for the Au electrode layer. Crystal structure analyzes of the produced solar cells were made using by X-ray diffraction device (XRD). As a result of the analyzes, it was observed that the desired phases are in the structure. Perovskite cells measured by UV spectrophotometer are in the 500 nm absorption spectrum (2,39 eV for CH3NH3PbI3 and 2,84 eV for CH3NH3Pb1-xBixI3). It has been observed that the % transmittance values of layers with wavelength range between 420-720 nm are lower than that of Bi+2 doped cell. As a result of SEM surface analysis to the cells, it was determined that each layer was homogeneously coated and the additives used still remain. Although the values obtained from the recent I-V measurements conform to the literature, the expected high efficiency could not be achieved. It was found that this situation was caused by the unstable behavior of perovskite cells. Anahtar Kelimeler: Perovskite, Spin coating, TiO2, Bismuth, Solar cell.