Minimum health data set sharing using blockchain infrastructure and creating new consensus algori̇thm

The rapid growth of the global population, advances in biotechnology and medicine, and the rise of digital health services have resulted in an unprecedented increase in health data. Every day, hospitals, clinics, insurance providers, and research institutions generate vast amounts of information. While technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analytics support the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), they also introduce complex challenges related to data integration and management. Centralized data storage systems, common in many countries, often hinder seamless data exchange between healthcare institutions. This can lead to redundant procedures, such as the repetition of diagnostic tests, increasing both costs and time inefficiencies. Furthermore, patients frequently lack full control over their health data, raising concerns about privacy breaches and unauthorized data sharing. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution due to its decentralized structure and robust verification mechanisms. This study introduces a novel blockchain consensus algorithm called Proof of Visit (PoV), designed to address these challenges. PoV is built on a privacy-focused, decentralized model based on patient visits and has been tested through simulations involving three node types: Fully Authorized (PoV1), Lightly Authorized (PoV2), and Unauthorized (PoV3). The results show that PoV offers low latency, strong data privacy, and zero-cost operations during validation. Particularly, the PoV3 model empowers patients with full control over their data, enabling a truly decentralized health data management system. The PoV algorithm proves to be a viable alternative in terms of user rights, data security, and scalability, offering an innovative and sustainable approach for digital health systems.