Designed, synthesized and characterization of carbazole and thiophene derivative compounds for dye synthesized solar cell (DSSC) applications

In this study, four carbazole-based donor-acceptor molecules were designed and Ullman and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions were used for these substances. By adding electron-rich carbazole and π-vacancy forming benzothiophene and thiophene to the -3,-5 position of benzene in the N position of the carbazole, molecules that can form glass and have bipolar character have been designed. The effect of the resulting products on the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction was investigated by experimental methods using different solvents, and their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Additionally, their photophysical and thermal properties were also characterized. The electronic coupling between the benzene chromophore and the electron-donating carbazole (Carb) moiety , molecules whose structures have been elucidated and adjusted by binding benzothiophene and thiophene groups to the 3,5- positions of the phenyl nucleus attached carbazole is named as 9-(3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (IV) (60%) 9-(3-(benzo) [b]thiophen-3-yl)-5-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole (V) (30%), 9-(3,5-bis(5-chloro-2,5-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)phenyl )-9H-carbazole (VI) (76%) 9-(3-bromo-5-(5-chloro-2,5-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (VII) (36%). The solar cell performance values measured after fabrication of the dye-sensitized solar cell of one of the synthesized substances, substance IV, were found to be battery efficiency (%n) 2.089x10-3, short circuit current density (JSC) 5.034x10-5, open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.16 and filling factor (FF) 0.062.