Geological mapping of Cal- Bekilli region (Denizli) by remotely sensed data

This study seeks to revise the geological map of the Çal and Bekilli areas in southwestern Turkey through the integration of remote sensing methods and traditional geological assessments. Multispectral satellite datasets, specifically Landsat-8 OLI, Sentinel-2A, and ASTER, underwent processing through advanced methodologies. These included radiometric and geometric corrections, spectral enhancement, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), image fusion, and supervised classification (MLC). Seven representative rock samples were collected from various lithological units within the study area and analyzed through petrographic microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their mineralogical compositions and textural characteristics accurately. The findings indicated that Landsat-8 OLI imagery exhibited superior spatial and spectral accuracy in differentiating lithological units relative to Sentinel-2A and ASTER, aligning most closely with field and laboratory analyses. The findings highlight the necessity of combining remote sensing technologies with laboratory-based geological methods to effectively update geological maps in areas with rugged topography and sparse vegetation.