The perceived social, economic, and environmental sustainability of various energy sources by consumers: Coal, electricity, natural gas, and renewable energy

In this study, the perceived social, economic, and environmental sustainability levels of various energy sources known as coal, natural gas, electricity, and renewable energy types among consumer participants in Turkey were examined. The data collection method used in the research was the focus group technique, a qualitative research method, and two separate homogeneous groups were formed with two different sessions. Important information was obtained from the participants regarding their perceptions of different energy types, environmental sustainability, energy sources, and future outlooks. While the participants emphasized the importance of effective use of natural resources, they believed that coal was harmful to humans, the environment, and living things in terms of environmental sustainability. Most participants expressed that they did not prefer to use coal for heating and did not perceive any advantages from its use from a social and standpoint. Natural gas is considered to be the least harmful fossil fuel in terms of environmental sustainability and its environmental impact is minimal. From a social standpoint, it was emphasized that natural gas provides a comfortable, more independent life. In addition, they stated that natural gas is generally more economically advantageous than other fuel types. Electricity is a necessary factor in many areas of life in terms of social and environmental sustainability, but due to its high prices, it is considered economically unsustainable. Finally, the results regarding renewable energies revealed that renewable energy sources are evaluated positively in terms of environmental sustainability due to their natural resource derivation and their ability to constantly renew themselves. From a social and economic perspective, it is believed that they should be supported by governments to be widely used, which will ensure equal accessibility to people and will be advantageous in the long run with low operating costs.