The effects of cyfluthrin, imidacloprid and their combination on the levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the brain and liver tissues of Cyprinus carpio

In this study, Cyprinus carpio were exposed to pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin (0.88 ppb) and neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (11.2 ppm), their mixtures (0.44 ppb cyfluthrin+5.6 ppm imidacloprid and 0.88 ppb cyfluthrin+11.2 ppm imidacloprid) for 1, 7, 15 days. Then fish were returned to pesticide free water for 7 days. Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels were determined to evaluate their oxidative effects on brain and liver tissues by using spectrophotometric methods.The levels of GSH reduced in individually and combined treatments in brain tissue. Glutathione levels increased at the effects of low concentration on 7th day and at the effects of high concentration on 15th day. After depuration period, GSH levels were not significantly different from the control group. In liver tissue, GSH levels reduced on 1st day while it increased on 7th day. It decreased on 15th day at all exposure group except for imidacloprid exposure. Malondialdehyde levels increased both of the brain and liver tissues. After depuration period, it was not found any difference in MDA levels of brain tissue, however it was increased in liver tissue. Cyfluthrin and imidacloprid exposures increased protein carbonyl level in brain tissue. There was no significant change in imidacloprid exposed fish after depuration period. In liver tissue, PCO levels increased on 1st and 7th days at all exposure group but it reduced on 15th day.The results indicated that individually and combined treatments of pesticides induce oxidative stress, and cause oxidative damage by changing the levels of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation