Researching academic studies within the framework of2050 net zero emissions in the iron and steel industry

Increasing human activity since the industrial revolution has led to a dramatic rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, which traps radiation reflected from the earth's surface and creates a greenhouse effect. This process has led to serious environmental problems such as global warming and climate change. With the realization of these problems, efforts to reduce and eliminate the emission of CO2 and similar greenhouse gases into the atmosphere have begun. In this context, the concept of carbon footprint has been developed and targets have been set to reduce emissions resulting from production and activities. The iron and steel industry are a large-scale sector and a significant source of emissions due to its high energy demand. Especially blast furnaces in steel production facilities constitute a large part of the production costs of the enterprise and cause high emissions due to the use of coal. Therefore, improvement works in the sector should be prioritized. Various studies have been conducted and scenarios have been developed for iron and steel production facilities in different countries to achieve net zero emission targets for 2050. Steel has been one of the world's most widely used metals since the industrial revolution. Steel production contributes to climate change through high energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this study, different scenarios that global steel producing countries can implement to achieve the 2050 net zero emission target are examined. Options such as energy efficiency, carbon sequestration technologies and hydrogen utilization are compared with their emission reduction achievements and costs by considering scenarios and case studies. The findings show that the use of hydrogen in steelmaking is the most effective option. However, challenges such as infrastructure, policy and financing need to be overcome for the widespread use of hydrogen. In conclusion, the iron and steel industry are developing short, medium and longterm strategies to achieve the net zero emission targets for 2050 and various academic studies are being conducted in this direction. These studies cover topics such as energy efficiency, carbon sequestration technologies and hydrogen utilization, and provide valuable insights into emission reduction achievements and costs relative to the target years. The future of the industry is closely linked to the viability and sustainability of such innovative solutions. This study provides an important resource for reducing the carbon iv emissions of the steel sector globally. Developing more customized scenarios on a country-by-country basis with more detailed and up-to-date data will be an important step for future studies