The analysis of earthquake risk according to regional and sectoral differentiation characteristics-Sample of Tekirdag

Establishment and development of Geographical Information Systems has began as from the early 1960s. Beginning with a limited number of applications domestically carried out by a few countries and universities in the early 1960s, GIS was actively used in a number of academic studies and became a promising sector rising rapidly in the fields of "computer technology" and "information technology", which became the basis of modern world today. In addition to all these features, GIS is also implemented as a decision support technique in several fields, such as natural resource management, regional planning and disaster management, etc. Although the preparedness and intervention stages are told jointly in GIS literature, this study will discuss these two stages separately. However, the situation is different in the damage minimization and improvement stages. In damage minimization, hazard analysis and risk map preparation require support from GIS, while, in the improvement stage, the GIS is mostly required to identify the severity of the damage. Two trends are defined so that the GISs can deliver a better service as decision support systems; first one of which involves the structuring of the Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) based on analytical problem solving; the second one is the integral use of the GISs by means of analytical problem solving models. According to the first trend, SDSS is utilised in the way of modelling, optimization and simulation techniques, in an attempt to determine, evaluate and analyse the problem solving strategies. These tools are particularly effective in solving the semi-structural spatial decision making problems. On the other hand, the second trend focuses on the improvement of GIS software or GIS capabilities based on integration with the analytical models. This perspective allows the input data for mapping, inquiry and spatial modelling functions, environmental and statistical models and enables such data to be analysed and displayed in different sizes.A zoning analysis is performed based on the land use in the city of Tekirdag, in the earthquake hazard analysis conducted across the city of Tekirdag as part of the study, based on regional and sectoral differentiation characteristics. Hazard analyses study employed the Analytic Hierarchy Management (AHP), one of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods. The realization of decisions of using of urban area based on geologic threshold and charachteristics of the city is basic step at the creation of sustainable and lasting urban. If you have more than one criterion which effect land use decision, decision-making is a complex process. In this process, priority and presence of criteria depends on the purpose of urban use. From this point, An analytical model is developed based on multy criteria decisionmaking support system via multi-criteria analysis techniques will be integrated with geographic information systems in order to provide the most accurate approach to urban land use. Research on earthquake improves in quality and scope day by day. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) supported methods have been used effectively in research on this subject in recent years. This study aimed at making the earthquake damage risk assessment of Tekirdağ province through the GIS supported Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is intended to carry out the sectoral and regional seismic hazard analyses and thus identify the areas with a high risk of earthquakes; therefore an AHP-GIS-based model is established with the effective use of the model in weighting the identified criteria and integrating them with the GIS. In this study, a total of eight parameters are used in the production and zoning of the earthquake risk created by means of GIS-based AHP; the parameters are weighted in accordance with the objective of the study. The sequence followed in the study is summarized as follows: 1) Identifying the objective/problem to be solved, (The earthquake hazard map specifically prepared for this study by means of AHP discussed the seismic susceptibility of the sectoral and regional areas and the effect of the ground water level on the earthquakes occurring in the industrial zones.) 2) Literature review, identification of the parameters of the earthquake map which is the outcome produced by means of AHP in accordance with the objective of the study and zoning of the entire city of Tekirdag in sectors and regions. 3) Obtaining and organising the data in the relevant format and transferring into the GIS system. 4) Classification of Raster data sets. 5) Evaluating the parameters relating to the seismic risk within the study area in AHP applied and assigning a weight value for each of these parameters. 6) Assigning different weight values for the parameters handled in the study, since they have different impacts on the earthquake, within the concept of the weight values varying between 1 – 9, with the lowest risk characterised by the one closest to 1 and the highest risk characterised by the one closest to 9. 7) Performing the overlaying procedure following the assignment of weights. 8) Carrying out the zoning for the entire city of Tekirdag, overlaying with the seismic hazard map to interpret the effect of the potential earthquake risk on the city of Tekirdag on sectoral and regional basis. 9) Discussing the effect of the ground water level on the earthquake risk within the industrial zone in the city of Tekirdag. The results of the analysis conducted as part of the study prove the first hypothesis which is the assumption, "Hazard levels are different based on the sectoral differentiation zones in regions with a high risk of earthquake" and the second hypothesis which is the assumption, "Ground water level has an impact in the regions with a high risk of earthquake." The study revealed the relationship of the seismicity of the towns of Muratli, Kapakli, Ergene, Corlu and Cerkezkoy used as industrial zones with the ground water level, following the sectoral and regional analysis of Tekirdag and the measurement of the seismic risk. In conclusion, integration of GIS with AHP facilitates the action of decision making, by combining with decision making methods for seismic hazard maps in particular. Moreover, it proposes a solution for the balance of industry-ecology which began with the Industrial Revolution, since the 18th century.