Determination of potential anti-cancer effect of locally grown Arum dioscoridis L. plants

In both industrialized and developing nations, cancer is a significant health concern. Millions of people around the world are diagnosed with cancer every year, and many of them loose their life. Lung cancer, which is the top cause of the cancer-related deaths, is 2.5 times more common than colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks second. Lung cancer is divided into two categories: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Although much research has been done recently to advance the treatment and control of cancer disease progression, significant work and improvements can still be made. Because of the severe side effects of radiation and chemotherapy, many cancer patients are searching for complementary or alternative treatment approaches that use natural components. There are many plants with secondary metabolites having anti-cancer effects. Plant metabolites contribute to their anti-cancer nature in various ways, and in vitro studies demonstrate the potential of secondary metabolites in anti-cancer action. Arum dioscoridis L. plant of the Arum genus belong to the Aracea family, which grows wild in various regions of our country and consumed as food by the public especially in Adana. Also used in traditional medicine, is among the therapeutic plants used in many studies and determined by research to have anticancer effects. In this study, the anticancer effects of Arum dioscoridis L. plant on lung cancer A549 cell line were investigated. Arum dioscoridis L. plant seeds were dried, ground and extracted with MeOH + H2O solvent. The cytotoxic effect of Arum dioscoridis L. extract at different concentrations on A549, HUH-7, MCF-7, BEAS-2B cell lines was determined to have a cytotoxic effect on the cells by performing the MTT cell viability test. As a result of the decrease in the targeted cell viability in the A549 cell line, the experiments were continued with the A549 cell line. The effects on the migration abilities of the cells were observed with the wound healing test on A549 cells; the effects of the cells on colony formation were determined by performing the soft agar colony formation test; the effects on apoptosis were determined by DAPI, AnnexinV-PI staining and the effects on the cell cycle were determined by performing Facs analysis. According to the analysis results, it was determined that Arum dioscoridis L. extract formed with MeOH + H2O (hydromethanolic) solvent decreased A549, HUH-7, MCF-7, BEAS-2B cells viability. It was observed that hydromethanolic ic plant extract A549 cells prevented migration ability and colony formation as the concentration increased and also didn't block the cell cycle in A549 cells but triggered apoptosis. The findings obtained as a result of the research conducted suggest that Arum dioscoridis L. plant may be a new alternative therapeutic source for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer, A549 cell line, Arum dioscoridis L., anti-cancer, hydromethanolic plant extract