Synthesis, characterization and applications of carbon based nanobiosensors for diagnosis of diabetes 'patience in the early time

One of the most common diseases affecting the global human population is diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus, which we refer to as Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic disease caused by the ineffectiveness or lack of insulin hormone and the high level of glucose (sugar) in blood circulation system. Three to one hundred and eighty-two million people are affected from diabetes mellitus every year, and they cause about 1.5 to 5.1 million deaths per year. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus, which affects and inhibits human life in every sense, is very important and various methods of identification are used. In the thesis study, a glucose biosensor was prepared using carbon-based nanoparticles for the early detection of diabetes mellitus. The reproducibility, sensitivity, detection range and detection limit of the biosensors were determined with the aim of determining optimum operating conditions. The Ni-Pd@AC nanocomposites showed a limit of 0.014 μM, a broad linear range of 0.01 mM to 1 mM and a high sensitivity of 90 mAm-1 cm-2. The selectivity, activity and applicability of the designed Ni-Pd@AC electrochemical biosensor was measured by the Recursive Voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry (CA). Characterization processes were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy. Also, in this study, the results obtained by glucose determination in the blood serum with the prepared glucose biosensor were compared with the standard method. These studies have proven that this designed non-enzymatic biosensor is a candidate to become an excellent sensor for use in the early detection of diabetes in the future.