Diyarbakir province Egil district determination of emergence time, population development and sex ratios of emerging individuals in different almond species of Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

This study was carried out in 2023 and 2024 in four orchards in the Dere and Yenişehir neighborhoods of the Eğil District of Diyarbakır Province in order to determine the emergence time, population development and sex ratios of the emerging individuals of the almond worm [Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)] in different almond cultivars (Stone almond and Ferragnes and Ferraduel). Wire cages measuring 30x35x30 cm, with air circulation around and on top, prepared for adult emergence monitoring were hung in the orchards where the study was carried out. 100 mummified almond fruits infested with E. amygdali were placed inside the cages. As a result of the study, when the first adult emergence of the almond midge moth occurred in Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds in Dere neighborhood in 2023, it was determined that the fruits (green almonds) on the trees were phenologically the size of lentils. The emergence period of the adults lasted between 16-25 days, the last adult emergence occurred on May 10, and it was determined that the almonds were in the green almond stage in all four orchards. The average temperature during the emergence periods was determined as 14,8 °C and the average relative humidity was 57,4%. The first adult emergence in 2024 occurred simultaneously in three orchards. On April 11, it was determined that the fruit (green almond) was the size of a lentil in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Dere neighborhood, the fruit (green almond) was the size of a chickpea in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood, and the fruit (green almond) was in the small green almond stage in the orchard where local stone almond variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood. Adult emergence lasted between 16-19 days, the last adult emergence occurred on April 29 and it was determined that almonds were in the green almond stage in all four gardens. The average temperature during the emergence periods was 18 °C and the average relative humidity was 55%. In the studies conducted in both years, it was determined that the first emerging adult was mostly male, but the number of emerging female individuals was 2,10 times that of male individuals.