Bio-inspired sustainable eco-industrial park development and design

One of the concrete examples of industrial symbiosis development is eco-industrial parks, which improves resource efficiency and minimizes environmental impacts by adopting models for waste exchanges between industries. Despite past efforts, many industrial zones around the world are not yet considered as eco-industrial parks because of the low number (or total lack) of symbiotic relationships among industries. A promising strategy is to develop those existing industrial zones into eco-industrial parks. Besides, future industrial zones can be designed as eco-parks. The objectives of this study are to investigate the improving possibility of industrial zones towards eco-industrial parks and to design a theoretical bio-inspired construction industry eco-industrial park. In order to assess the improving possibility of industrial zones towards eco-industrial parks, this study demonstrates such an assessment approach using an integration of food web analysis and social network analysis to show how to assess the environmental and economic improvement between the current and future potential configurations of an industrial zone. These two methods can assist in assessing differences in network configurations with respect to potential implementations of industrial symbiosis, and in analysing the resilience, redundancy, connectance, and cyclicity of eco-parks. The use of the methods is illustrated in a case study of an industrial zone in Turkey. Four potential future scenarios are proposed including potential future co-location of companies in the industrial zone in order to foster industrial symbiotic network formation. These scenarios are compared with the current configuration. The results indicate the method's ability to assess the resilience of an industrial network. To design the theoretical bio-inspired construction industry eco-industrial parks, two datasets containing construction related sectors and the sectors that send/receive waste/by-products to/from the construction industry are created. Then, mathematical models are created using the data sets, bio-inspired objectives and constraints, and finally four theoretical potential eco-industrial parks are obtained. The results show that the designed eco-industrial parks follow some sustainable