Investigation of the effect of dual-task balance exercises on balance and functional status in children with Down Syndrome

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of dual-task balance exercises on functional status and balance in children with Down Syndrome. Twenty-seven individuals with Down Syndrome aged 7-18 years were included in the study. Randomization was achieved simply by using the coin toss method. Individuals were divided into 2 groups as study (n=13) and control group (n=14), and pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations were made. It was noted the demographic information, accompanying problems and mental levels of the individuals. Pediatric Functional Independence Scale (WeeFIM) was used to assess their functional status, and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was used to assess their balance. Besides, each parameter was evaluated in order to evaluate Dual Task Performance in three different ways: Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Single Leg Stance Test (SLST), Tandem Stance Test, 30 Seconds Stand Up and Sit Tests without task, cognitive and motor additional task. Dual-task-based balance exercises (separately with motor and cognitive additional tasks) were applied to the study group within the scope of the rehabilitation program. Improvement in the functional status, balance, and dual-task performance of the study group when the groups were evaluated within themselves (p<0.05); In the control group, the only improvement in balance was observed (p<0.05). It was established that the groups showed similar improvement in terms of other evaluations except the 30 Second Stand Up and Sit Test without task and motor additional attendant when the pre-treatment values were compared with the post-treatment values between the groups (p>0.05). It was determined that the dual-task balance exercises applied to individuals with Down Syndrome between the ages of 7-18 had a positive effect on the functional status, balance and dual-task performance for the study group when the data obtained from the study were examined. Consequently, we think that it would be beneficial to integrate dual-task balance exercise training, which includes cognitive and motor additional tasks, into routine physiotherapy programs in individuals with Down Syndrome. We also believe that current physiotherapy approaches such as dual-task balance exercise training can increase the participation of individuals with Down Syndrome in rehabilitation programs. Keywords: Down Syndrome, dual task, balance, cognitive task, motor task