Investigation of variability in crosses between induced mutant populations via pre-sowing gamma irradiation for some agricultural and physiological traits in bread wheat

This research was carried out to determine the variation in some agricultural and physiological traits of the three different originated bread wheat cultivars (NKÜ Lider, Bezostaja and GK Bekes) and the reciprocal hybrids of their genotypes obtained by applying different gamma ray doses (0, 100, 200, 300 Gy). The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates during the 2017-2018 wheat growing seasons. In F1 hybrid combinations, plant height, spike length, number of spikelet per spike, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index, test weight, chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomata conductance, stomata length, stomata width, flag leaf area, number of stomata, canopy temperature and grain yield varied between 85,93-118,44 cm, 10,69-12,86 cm, 20,4-24,57 no, 37,09-64,8 no, 2,26-3,56 g, 44-57,63 g, % 24,57-42,79, 74,01-81,19 kg/l, 46,19-60,84, % 72,03-87,78, 6,54-12,14 mmol m-2s-1, 37,54-48,74 µ, 18,04-25,72 µ, 44,59-66,01 cm2, 5,78-8,67 no, 14,44-17,11 0C and 445-926 kg/da, respectively. In the research, the highest heterosis values were calculated in Beke-0×Lider-0 for plant height, Lider-200×Beke-200 for spike length, Bezostaja-0×Lider-0 for number of spikelet for spike, Bezostaja-300×Lider-300 for number of grain per spike, Bezostaja-300×Lider-300 for grain weight per spike, Lider-100×Beke-100 for thousand grain weight, Bezostaja-200×Lider-200 for harvest index, Beke-0xBezostaja-0 test weight, Beke-300×Bezostaja-300 for chlorophyll content, Lider-300×Beke-300 for relative water content, Bezostaja-200xLider-200 for stomata conductance, Bezostaja-100×Beke-100 for stomata length, Bezostaja-100×Beke-100 for stomata width, Beke-100×Bezostaja-100 for flag leaf area, Beke-100×Lider-100 for number of stomata, Bezostaja-300xLider-300 for canopy temperature, and Beke-100×Bezostaja-100 for grain yield. It was concluded that the selection to be postponed to later generations would increase the chance of selection success, due to the coefficient of phenotypic variation calculated in all the characters was higher than the genotypic variation coefficient.