Power analysis of high voltage architecture in electric vehicles

In this thesis study, the technical, economic, and environmental impacts of high-voltage architectures used in electric vehicles were analyzed. The effects of 800V and higher architectures, developed to overcome the limitations of conventional 400V systems, on energy efficiency, charging time, hardware requirements, and overall vehicle performance were examined. The technical specifications of electric motors, inverters, and battery systems were compared, and the effects of architectural transitions on these components were evaluated. The study focused on PMSM-type motors, SiC and GaN- based inverter systems, and NMC and LFP cell battery technologies. Simulation analyses were conducted using models developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment for systems with different voltage levels. Based on the FTP-75 driving cycle, the analyses showed that the 800V architecture offers lighter cabling, lower heat generation, and shorter charging times due to its lower current requirement. Engineering parameters such as cable weight, cross-sectional area, and power losses were examined in detail. Additionally, the contribution of the widespread deployment of charging infrastructure compatible with high-voltage systems to the technological transformation process was evaluated. The findings indicate that high-voltage architectures have the potential to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and support sustainable transportation.