The genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of an endemic species Stachys petrokosmos plant extract in human lymphocytes in the absence and presence of metabolic activator

In the present study, the genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of Stachys petrokosmos leaf extracts (Sp) were investigated in human lymphocytes. For this reason the cells were treated with 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 µl/ml concentrations of Sp leaf methanol extracts for 24 and 48 hours treatment periods in the absence and presence of metabolic activator (S9mix). The sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were used for investigating the effects genotoxicity of Sp. Nucleear division index (NDI), proliferation index (PI) and mitotic index (MI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of Sp. In addition, the anti-genotoxic effects of Sp against genotoxicity of mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide were also investigated in the absence and presence of S9mix.In the absence of S9mix, Sp alone induced the SCE frequency at the highest concentrations and induced the CA at all concentration while it did not induce the MN frequency. In addition, Sp decreased the effect of mitomycin C on CA. Sp alone had a cytotoxic effcet at the high concentrations only and it induced the cytotoxic effect of Mitomycin C also at the highest concentrations. In the presence of S9mix, it was obtained that Sp was not genotoxic and cytotoxic however, it had an anti-genotoxic effect via decreasing the effects of Cyclophosphamide on KKD and MN frequency.