Determination of biochemical content of endemic Gundelia munzurensis by biotechnological methods

In this study, phenolic acids, flavonoid and lipophilic vitamins and fatty acids of methanol extracts obtained from the leaves, flowers and stems of Gundelia munzurensis, an endemic species that was collected from Tunceli Ovacık district and recently diagnosed as a new species of the genus Gundelia, were analyzed. The plant parts were turned into flour homogeneously and extracted with 85% methanol. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and lipophilic vitamins from methanol extracts were analyzed by HPLC device and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography device. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Gundelia munzurensis plant is rich in these compounds. The extracts were evaporated under a stream of methanol nitrogen and the remainder was dissolved with dimethylsulfoxide. Plant extracts and hydrogen peroxide were added to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae L. culture alone or in combination and incubated for 72 hours. Different biochemical analyzes were performed by collecting the cell pellet in culture. It has been observed that different metabolic reactions occur as a result of the addition of total protein, MDA, GSH, GSSG, Catalase enzyme and GST enzymes both with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and the administration of plant extracts. It was determined that some lipophilic and phytosterols increased or decreased with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and plant extract. While the ratio of stearic acid in the fatty acid composition increased in the other groups except the fatty acids group and the control group, it was determined that there was an increase in the ratios of palmitoleic and oleic acids, which are unsaturated fatty acids, in the fatty acids group. It was determined that the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the culture medium increased the ∆9 desaturase activity in S. cerevisiae cells. It was observed that although S. cerevisiae cells did not synthesize some fatty acids, they successfully took the fatty acids in the culture medium and plant extracts and used them in their cell structures. As a result, although an endemic species Gundelia munzurensis has a spiny structure, it has been observed that it is a good source of vitamins and phytosterols, phenolic acids and flavonoids as a food. It was also observed to be a food source with a high content of essential fatty acids.