Determination of the effectiveness of boron, sheep manure and chemical fertilizers applied to Foşa and Yomralı hazelnut varieties grown in Yomra (Trabzon) district

This study aims evaluating the current status of viticulture culture and projecting its future potential by analyzing the structural characteristics of vineyard areas, producer profiles, local grape varieties, and production preferences in the Ergani province of Diyarbakır. Thematic and spatial analyzes were carried out using a comprehensive field survey conducted with 202 producers in 2023 and the Farmer Registration System (FRS) data for 2022. According to the findings, a significant majority of producers (78.1%) considered viticulture as an economically profitable agricultural activity, whereas 21.9% of the producers stated that they did not find viticulture profitable, and this view was particularly concentrated in low-productivity villages such as Kesentaş. In terms of marketing behavior, 43.3% of the participants stated that they sold only 0-25% of their annual production, this revealed that viticulture in the province was largely carried out within the scope of subsistence agriculture. In the preferences regarding grape varieties, Şire variety was the most preferred grape variety and first-choice variety with a rate of 73.8%. Afterwards, varieties such as Genç Memed, Vanki, Öküz Gözü, Erkenci, Black Grape (used for winemaking) were selected as the second and third priority choices. Some of these varieties are suitable for table consumption, while others are suitable for drying and winemaking. The level of access to information among producers was quite low; only 6.9% of participants stated that they received technical support and 5.9% of participants stated that a seminar on viticulture was organized in their villages. In addition, only 14.9% of producers were members of any agricultural cooperative, which shows the weakness of the organized structure. The results indicated that viticulture in Ergani was sustained by a deep-rooted tradition, but there were areas for improvement in terms of technical support, marketing infrastructure and variety management.