The effect of masculinity ideals on violent behaviors and the role of masculinity perception in social acceptance of violence

This study is a qualitative study conducted with 30 male participants living in Samsun. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of masculine ideals on violent behavior and how this violence is legitimized at the social level. The data obtained for this purpose was evaluated using content analysis. The relationship between violence and the attributes of power, control, and authority attributed to masculinity in the construction of gender roles is examined both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical framework of the study consists of hegemonic masculinity theory, toxic masculinity, fragile masculinity, and social learning theory. Through these approaches, we examine how masculinity is culturally constructed and reproduced through institutional structures such as the media, family, education, and the military. Interview findings demonstrate that masculinity ideals are shaped not only by individual preferences but also by the influence of social, cultural, and institutional dynamics. A large portion of participants identified masculinity with physical and economic power, while viewing violence as an expression of this power or a tool of control. However, some participants expressed a heightened awareness of the transformation of masculinity, stating that openly expressing emotions, empathizing, and avoiding violence can also be integral to masculine identity. This tendency was observed to be particularly pronounced among younger generations. This indicates a promising potential for transformation in terms of gender equality. Overall, the research findings reveal that men largely internalize violence as a learned behavioral pattern, but they also possess the capacity to develop resistance to these patterns.