Identification of fusarium species in maize production areas in Eskişehir province and determination of the effects of some soil herbicides on fusarium

In order to determine Fusarium species and pathogenicity in maize production areas of Tepebaşı, Odunpazarı, Alpu, Seyitgazi districts of Eskişehir province, 180 samples were collected from 45 fields in survey studies in 2023-2024. A total of 110 Fusarium isolates were obtained as a result of the isolations made from the plants. It was determined that the isolated species belonged to F. verticillioides, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. sambucinum, F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum and F. equiseti. the most common species was F. verticillioides and the most virulent species was F. graminearum with 96.67% disease severity in this study. The effects of different doses of soil herbicides containing the active ingredient Isoxaflutole+Thiencarbazone methyl+Cyprosulfamide, Dimethenamid-P+Saflufenacil, S Metolachlor+Terbuthylazine on F. graminearum under in vitro and in vivo conditions were observed, the highest effect was seen in double dose application of herbicide containing the active ingredient S-Metolachlor+Terbuthylazine with a value of 57.23% under in vitro conditions. This was followed by the upper dose and recommended doses of herbicide with the same active ingredient with 47.16% and 39.46% effects, respectively. When other herbicides were evaluated, it was observed that as the doses increased, the rates of pathogen inhibition increased. In field trials, the highest effect against the pathogen was again determined for the herbicide containing the active ingredient S-Metolachlor+Terbuthylazine. While the recommended dose of the herbicide showed 38.6% effect against the pathogen, the effect was determined as 45.31% in the application of the upper dose. In the studies investigating the effects of herbicides on some plant development parameters, it was determined that all three herbicides had a positive effect by promoting plant development in both pathogen applied and non-applied areas. It is thought that this study is important in terms of revealing the relationship between soil herbicides and soil-borne pathogens and will provide a different perspective for future studies when different control programs are being developed.