Exploration the relationship between Salusin-α, Salusin-β and Irisin levels in patients with heart disease in AL-Anbar state

The primary causes of death worldwide are heart disease (HD). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes a variety of problems, including those affecting the myocardial muscles and the circulatory system that supplies the heart. CVD is as a rule connected with atherosclerosis; an inflammatory disease characterized via the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in relation to medium arteries. In this thesis study, a case-control study was designed for 85 Iraqi volunteers aged 35 and over. Of these, 25 were generally "healthy" with no history of CVD, while 60 Iraqi patients with CVD. These patients are registered as CVD patients in the "Cardiac Care Unit" in Anbar Hospitals, Iraq. The aims of the present is to measure the levels of salusin-α, salusin-β, irisin, lipid profile, as well as assessment of insulin resistance (IR) based on fasting serum glucose, insulin hormone, and a homeostatic model (HOMA-IR) in the serums of CVD patients who are subject to before cardiac catheterization (BCC) and after cardiac catheterization (ACC) and to compare these levels between them and also with the ones of the healthy (control) group. In addition to compare each parameter with subgroup of age and BMI. The present data showed a significantly higher level in the salusin-β and significantly lower levels in the salusin-α and irisin with ACC and BCC groups when compared with that of the healthy control group. The same results were also found in BCC group when compared with ACC group. The statistical analysis of our results showed the salusin-α, salusin-𝛽 and irisin, can be used as a diagnostic tool for CVD risks in Iraqi population in clinical practice with the cut-off values of 95 pg/mL, 214 pg/mL and 1.3 µg/mL respectively, with sensitivities of 97.8%, 100% and 85.7% and specificities of 97.4%, 95.2 and 97.4%, respectively. The results in patients with ACC and BCC groups have also shown that there is a significant increase in the glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL, TG, VLDL levels when compared with that of the healthy control group. When comparing BCC patients with ACC patients groups there were a significantly higher level in the TC, LDL, TG, and VLDL accompanied with a low in the HDL level and non-significant in the glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Moreover, our findings indicate that overweight and obesity appears to be the most important risk factor for CVD, especially in adult men obese individuals, and this study suggests Iraqi population-based research have shown that salusin-α, salusin-𝛽, irisin and HOMA-IR might be a good candidate diagnostic marker for detecting atherosclerosis in the general population.