Transcriptomic analysis of venom glands and amino acid profile ofvenom in different scorpion species

Scorpion venom consists of complex mixtures of different biologically active compounds, including enzymes, toxic peptides, free amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and other metabolites. The study of animal venoms has been continually enhanced by technological advances that create opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive molecules. The introduction of "omics" technologies for venom studies, such as proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics, has enabled large-scale data collection and analysis. RNA was isolated from the venom tissue obtained from the venom gland transcriptome analyzes we performed on different scorpion species with the QIAGEN isolation kit. Illumina Stranded mRNA Prep kit (Illumina, USA, #20040534) was used for library preparation of the isolated RNA material. In bioinformatics analyses, sequences were edited and filtered using fastp v0.23.4. During this process, the minimum quality value at the 3' and 5' ends was set to 30 (with 1bp), the minimum average read quality value to 30, the minimum number of ambiguous bases to 0, and the minimum read length to 100bp. JASEM amino acid kit was used for amino acid study. For analysis, it was placed in the tray compartment in the HPLC section of the LC-MS/MS device and read. As a result, 8 different proteins were obtained from Androctonus carssicauda species. The longest amino acid sequence was 974 in the colorectal mutant cancer protein-like isoform X1 protein, and the shortest amino acid sequence was 189 in the apoptosis regulator R1-like protein. 8 different proteins were obtained from the Hottentotta saulcyi species. The longest amino acid sequence was 910 in the breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3-like protein, and the shortest amino acid sequence was 189 in the apoptosis regulator R1-like protein. 7 different proteins were obtained from the Leiurus abdullahbayrami species. The longest amino acid sequence was 970 in the colorectal mutant cancer protein-like isoform X2 protein, and the shortest amino acid sequence was 189 in the apoptosis regulator R1-like protein. According to LC/MS MS results, in A. crassicauda scorpion venom; The presence of amino acids taurine, alpha aminobutyric acid, phosphoethanolamine, lysine, leucine and arginine was detected. H. saulcyi in scorpion venom; The presence of amino acids taurine, lysine, phosphoethanolamine, arginine, alpha-aminopimelic acid and leucine was detected. L. abdullahbayrami on scorpion venom; The presence of alpha amino butyric acid, taurine, lysine, phenylalanine, arginosuccinic acid, leucine, histamine, arginine and proline amino acids was detected.