An innovative approach to identifying native plant covers in different habitat types at species and composition levels

One of the most important components of the landscape, both natural and cultural, is plants. Plants can live in their natural environment as well as outside their natural environment in suitable ecological conditions. Native plants are the plant species that best adapt to local environmental conditions. In addition to its many aesthetic and functional properties, it also has ecological benefits. In addition, Turkey is a very rich country in terms of the distribution and diversity of plants. Despite these current conditions, natural plant species are not sufficiently included in the planting designs made especially in urban areas in our country. The aim of this study is to reveal an ecological model (eco-planting, eco-model) approach to urban planting by determining the ecological indicator values (EIV's) and coexistence in nature of the species detected in the natural vegetation, revealing the potential of plants to come together. In this context, both natural plant species will be determined by collecting plant species from the area and plant species diversity will be revealed by determining the ecological demands of the plants. In addition, "Normalized plant index (NDVI)" will be used to reveal the distribution and density of natural plant compositions. Two-way indicator analysis (TWINSPAN) was applied in order to reveal the plant groups and indicator species with similar ecological conditions with certain borders. Within the scope of the study, natural areas in Düzce Plain and at the points touching the plain were determined according to the CORINE land cover classification, and 5 different habitat types were determined as forest habitat, riparian areas, rocky habitat, swamp (flooded) areas and pasture habitat. After determining whether the coexistence of plant species collected and identified in these habitat types is distributed in an interdependent manner, scenarios regarding the coexistence of plants were constructed with the help of the latent variables model (LVM's). In addition, spot analysis was performed using landscape metrics to define the ecological structure of the natural vegetation on a plan basis. Depending on the species determination, the plant composition layers (tree, shrub, bush, herbaceous, wrapper/climber) are also determined, together with the determination of how the species and plant groups whose ecological indicator values are determined in different landscape areas, taking into account their ecological characteristics, will be used together in planting designs. recommendations have been made.