The effect of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from different sources on diabetic wound healing

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continue to evolve as an effective method for skin wound healing. The ease of acquisition, low immunogenicity and other characteristics of stem cells, together with their ultimate role in the physiology of natural wound healing, make them a rational, safe and at the same time effective therapeutic approach. In this study, the effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp and adipose tissue on diabetic foot healing and TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 expression in rats were comparatively investigated. 24 male rats were used in the study. Six of the rats were used as control. Diabetes was induced in 18 rats with a single dose of 55 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin administration. Scar areas with a diameter of 5 mm were formed on the feet of all rats. While 6 of 18 rats were used as diabetic control, 1x 106 dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells were applied locally to 6 rats and 1x 106 adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells were applied locally to 6 rats. Rats were sacrificed on the 10th day after stem cell administration and skin tissues were removed. The effects of stem cells on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 were analysed immunohistochemically. Wound healing was found to be better in the stem cell treated groups compared to the untreated group. Mesenchymal stem cell application was found to decrease IL-1 expression and increase IL-10 expression. Our histochemical and immunohistochemical findings showed that there was no difference between dental pulp and adipose tissue stem cells in terms of wound healing. Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Diabetic Wound, dental Pulp Stem Cell, Adipose Stem Cell, Wound Healing